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马克思在《手稿》中对“异化”进行了详细的论述,其中隐含着极为重要的突破性意义。这种异化的突破性意义必须放置到西方整个异化思想的大背景之中,才能够被充分地凸显出来。在《圣经》之中已经隐含着异化的最初的原型:“原初状态——异化——异化的克服”。此种异化的原型为近代以来的哲学家所继承,如洛克、卢梭等人。他们仍旧遵循着“自然状态——异化”的基本的逻辑思路。马克思的异化则超出了这种《圣经》以来的逻辑思路,进入到“本质——异化”的思路之中。而“本质”概念,在马克思那里又有着非常独特的含义。通过与胡塞尔的“本质”概念的对比,可以凸显马克思的异化理论在“事实”、“历史”、“价值与实践”等诸多方面所具有的突破性意义。
In “Manuscripts”, Marx elaborates on “alienation”, which implies a very important breakthrough. The groundbreaking meaning of this alienation must be placed in the grand context of the entire alienation of thought in the West before it can be fully highlighted. The original prototype of alienation has been implicit in the Bible: “Primitive State - Alienation - Alienation Overcome ”. Such alienated prototypes have been inherited by philosophers in modern times, such as Locke, Rousseau and others. They still follow the basic logic of “natural state - alienation ”. Marx’s alienation goes beyond the logical thinking since this “Bible” and enters into the “essence-alienation” mentality. The concept of “essence ” has a very unique meaning in Marx. By contrasting with Husserl’s “essence ” concept, we can highlight the breakthrough significance of Marx’s theory of alienation in many aspects such as “fact ”, “history ”, "value and practice .