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目的研究头盔质量和质心偏移对军机飞行员颈部肌肉活动特性的影响。方法基于AnyBody软件平台建立头颈部肌骨模型,包含C0、C1-7、T1和136组头颈部肌肉。采用集中载荷模拟头盔作用,对不同头盔质量、质心位置和加速度载荷下的7个主要肌群的肌力进行了仿真计算。结果当头盔质心与头部质心重合时,支配后伸的头半棘肌、肩胛提肌、头夹肌和颈夹肌处于收缩发力状态。当头盔质量增大,这些肌群肌力也随之线性增加,并且加速度载荷对肌力增大程度起放大作用。头盔质心后移,会降低后伸肌群的肌力,增大前屈肌群受力。头盔质心左右偏移引起的附加侧弯力矩则会激活支配侧弯功能的肌群的活动。结论头盔质量和质心位置对颈部肌群活动特性有明显影响,本文建立的头颈部肌骨模型可以计算不同状态下肌力的变化,头盔设计和使用过程可采用该技术进行定量分析。
Objective To study the effect of helmet mass and center of mass offset on the performance characteristics of military pilots’ neck muscles. Methods The head and neck musculoskeletal model was established based on the AnyBody software platform and consisted of C0, C1-7, T1 and 136 groups of head and neck muscles. The effect of concentrated load simulation helmet was used to simulate the muscle strength of seven major muscle groups under different helmet mass, centroid position and acceleration load. Results When the center of mass of the helmet coincides with the center of mass of the head, the semilatema, the levator scapulae, the head and neck muscles of the dorso-head extensor are in a contractile force. As the mass of the helmet increases, the muscular strength of these muscles also increases linearly, and the acceleration load amplifies the degree of muscle strength. After the helmet centroid shift, will reduce the extensor muscle group strength, increased flexor muscle group force. The additional bending moment caused by shifting the center of mass of the helmet activates the muscles that dominate the bending function. Conclusion The helmet mass and centroid position have a significant effect on the movement characteristics of the neck muscles. The head and neck musculoskeletal model established in this paper can calculate the muscle strength changes under different conditions. The helmet design and use process can be quantitatively analyzed by this technique.