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[目的]了解上海市老年人营养和健康状况。[方法]采用2002年全国营养调查上海地区资料,对老年人的营养与健康状况进行分析。[结果]老年人每人每天粮谷类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉类、水产类、奶类及其制品、干豆类、豆制品、食用油、盐的摄入量分别为381.36 g、394.86 g、133.24 g、140.49 g、146.65 g、114.04 g、1.75 g、28.93 g、50.17g和9.78 g,每人每天能量摄入量为2762 kcal,蛋白质、脂肪、视黄醇当量、维生素B1和维生素B2、维生素C、钙、铁的摄入量分别为101.58 g、105.21 g、794.69μg、1.23 mg、1.29 mg、100.02 mg、742.35 mg、30.76 mg;来自脂肪的能量超过了中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量和世界卫生组织推荐的30%的上限,优质蛋白质的比例超过1/3。老年人的营养不良率、超重率、肥胖率和向心性肥胖率分别为5.09%、35.33%、5.17%和17.43%;高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率分别为57.31%、68.13%、62.32%;血脂异常患病率为24.19%,其中低高密度脂蛋白血症、高三酰甘油血症、高胆固醇血症患病率和血胆固醇边缘升高率分别为7.23%、15.21%、7.46%、6.97%;糖尿病患病率为14.17%,空腹血糖受损率为2.18%。[结论]老年人营养缺乏和营养过剩并存,营养相关性慢性非传染性疾病的预防和控制迫在眉睫。
[Objective] To understand the nutritional and health status of the elderly in Shanghai. [Methods] Based on the data of 2002 National Nutrition Survey in Shanghai, the nutrition and health status of the elderly were analyzed. [Results] The intake of cereals, vegetables, fruits, livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, dairy products and their products, dried beans, soy products, cooking oil and salt per person per day for the elderly were 381.36 g and 394.86 g, 133.24 g, 140.49 g, 146.65 g, 114.04 g, 1.75 g, 28.93 g, 50.17 g and 9.78 g with an energy intake per person per day of 2762 kcal, protein, fat, retinol equivalents, B2, vitamin C, calcium and iron were 101.58 g, 105.21 g, 794.69μg, 1.23 mg, 1.29 mg, 100.02 mg, 742.35 mg and 30.76 mg, respectively. The energy from fat exceeded that of dietary reference of Chinese residents Into the WHO and the recommended 30% ceiling, the proportion of high-quality protein more than 1/3. The malnutrition rate, overweight rate, obesity rate and centripetal obesity rate were 5.09%, 35.33%, 5.17% and 17.43% respectively in the elderly. The prevalence, awareness rate and treatment rate of hypertension were 57.31%, 68.13% 62.32%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 24.19%. The prevalences of low-density lipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and elevated blood cholesterol were 7.23%, 15.21%, 7.46 %, 6.97%. The prevalence of diabetes was 14.17%, and the impaired fasting glucose was 2.18%. [Conclusion] The nutritional deficiencies and excess nutrition of the elderly co-exist, and the prevention and control of nutrition-related chronic non-communicable diseases are imminent.