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平时听课,发现部分教师虽然对导课环节做了设计,但痕迹明显,在课堂内容的衔接、拉近师生的距离,以及提高课堂效率的准备方面都没有明显的作用。下面是笔者常用的三种导入法,不着痕迹,衔接自然,便于师生交流,易于提高教学效率。
一、温故知新
利用循序渐进的教材知识结构,在复习旧知的基础上引出新知,加强知识的纵横联系。根据现行教材编写规律,每个单元一般顺序为:第一课为Warming Up和Reading,第二课为Important Language Points,第三课为Extensive Reading等。一、三课的连贯性特别强,讲第三课时可用 “温故知新法”,易使学生将前一课所学内容与本课内容联系起来。
如,在教授新课The Rest of Elias’ Story(NSEFC 1A U5)时,通过师生的talk和discussion,帮助学生回忆以前所学的课文内容。T:As we know, in order to support Mandela, Elias helped him blow up some government buildings. Can you imagine what would happen to him if he was caught?随后引入本课内容:Today we are going to read another passage—The Rest of Elias’ Story. After reading, you’ll know what actually happened to him.
这种联旧引新、不落俗套的导入法,能激发学生的学习兴趣,使学生集中注意力于新的内容上。
二、随意交谈
教师可以利用新课开始前几分钟和学生作随意交谈(Free Talk),以求学生在不知不觉中进入新课。如教after和before引导的状语从句这一新内容时,教师问了值日生有关天气、日期等情况后,便可以开始与学生作如下交谈:
T:What time did you get up this morning?
S:I got up at six this morning.
T:What did you do after you got up?(重复用after引导的状语从句,引起学生的注意)
S: After I got up, I washed my face.(教师板书,并用红色粉笔划上after引导的状语从句,以帮助学生加强记忆)
T: Did you do any exercises after you washed your face?
S:Yes,I did some running exercises after I washed my face.
然后教师可以问另一学生:
T:What did you do before you went to school?(重复用before引导的状语从句)
S:I had my breakfast before I went to school.
T: What did you do before you had your breakfast?(教师板书,并用红色粉笔划上before引导的状语从句,以帮助学生加强记忆)
S:I did some exercises before I had my breakfast.
这种师生之间的随意交谈,能使学生感兴趣。此时,教师因势利导,点明新课已经开始。这种方法过渡自然,能把学生从无意注意引向有意注意,加深对新课的印象。
三、看图提示
这是一种利用教学挂图、自制图片或简笔画,借助投影或其他多媒体技术等现代化教学手段吸引学生的注意力,然后围绕图片提出一系列问题,激发学生的求知欲,引入新课的导入法。此法多用于高中一、二年级故事题材课文的教学。采用这种方法时,先由学生观察课文中的插图并提出问题。如教授Nelson Mandela-A Modern Hero (NSEFC 1A U5)一文,教师可利用热身的六幅人物插图,首先让学生观看图片,然后向他们提出一系列问题:“Do you know them? Who are they?”“Do you think they are great people? Why or why not?”之后学生思路大开,同时引出本课的key words:hero,fight,prison,violence,equal等。这样,学生不但自然进入角色,同时还非常形象地了解了“Why is Nelson Mandela considered as a modern hero?”并记住了这些关键词。
然而,课堂导入如何才能对学生产生吸引力?形象、直观、突出,对学生就会有吸引力。如,教A Follower of Bill Gates(NSEFC 1A U5)课文前,教师在课堂上出示一幅比尔
一、温故知新
利用循序渐进的教材知识结构,在复习旧知的基础上引出新知,加强知识的纵横联系。根据现行教材编写规律,每个单元一般顺序为:第一课为Warming Up和Reading,第二课为Important Language Points,第三课为Extensive Reading等。一、三课的连贯性特别强,讲第三课时可用 “温故知新法”,易使学生将前一课所学内容与本课内容联系起来。
如,在教授新课The Rest of Elias’ Story(NSEFC 1A U5)时,通过师生的talk和discussion,帮助学生回忆以前所学的课文内容。T:As we know, in order to support Mandela, Elias helped him blow up some government buildings. Can you imagine what would happen to him if he was caught?随后引入本课内容:Today we are going to read another passage—The Rest of Elias’ Story. After reading, you’ll know what actually happened to him.
这种联旧引新、不落俗套的导入法,能激发学生的学习兴趣,使学生集中注意力于新的内容上。
二、随意交谈
教师可以利用新课开始前几分钟和学生作随意交谈(Free Talk),以求学生在不知不觉中进入新课。如教after和before引导的状语从句这一新内容时,教师问了值日生有关天气、日期等情况后,便可以开始与学生作如下交谈:
T:What time did you get up this morning?
S:I got up at six this morning.
T:What did you do after you got up?(重复用after引导的状语从句,引起学生的注意)
S: After I got up, I washed my face.(教师板书,并用红色粉笔划上after引导的状语从句,以帮助学生加强记忆)
T: Did you do any exercises after you washed your face?
S:Yes,I did some running exercises after I washed my face.
然后教师可以问另一学生:
T:What did you do before you went to school?(重复用before引导的状语从句)
S:I had my breakfast before I went to school.
T: What did you do before you had your breakfast?(教师板书,并用红色粉笔划上before引导的状语从句,以帮助学生加强记忆)
S:I did some exercises before I had my breakfast.
这种师生之间的随意交谈,能使学生感兴趣。此时,教师因势利导,点明新课已经开始。这种方法过渡自然,能把学生从无意注意引向有意注意,加深对新课的印象。
三、看图提示
这是一种利用教学挂图、自制图片或简笔画,借助投影或其他多媒体技术等现代化教学手段吸引学生的注意力,然后围绕图片提出一系列问题,激发学生的求知欲,引入新课的导入法。此法多用于高中一、二年级故事题材课文的教学。采用这种方法时,先由学生观察课文中的插图并提出问题。如教授Nelson Mandela-A Modern Hero (NSEFC 1A U5)一文,教师可利用热身的六幅人物插图,首先让学生观看图片,然后向他们提出一系列问题:“Do you know them? Who are they?”“Do you think they are great people? Why or why not?”之后学生思路大开,同时引出本课的key words:hero,fight,prison,violence,equal等。这样,学生不但自然进入角色,同时还非常形象地了解了“Why is Nelson Mandela considered as a modern hero?”并记住了这些关键词。
然而,课堂导入如何才能对学生产生吸引力?形象、直观、突出,对学生就会有吸引力。如,教A Follower of Bill Gates(NSEFC 1A U5)课文前,教师在课堂上出示一幅比尔