小儿腹泻是一组多病原,发病率很高的胃肠道疾病。我国儿童死亡原因中,腹泻居第二位;据统计5岁以下小儿每年有1.7亿人次患腹泻;可见波及之广,危害之大。尽管经过多年来做了大量富有成效的工作;但小儿腹泻在临床医师面前有相当部分病例仍感到棘手,常称之谓“病毒性”或“未检出致病菌”。随着国内外实验室检测技术迅猛发展,各种新发现的病原不断发现;使所谓不明原因的小儿腹泻,得以正确诊断。现将近几年来国内外已公认而尚未引起人们重视的几种腹泻病因及其治疗作一简述;供临床医务人员参考。微绒毛包涵体病是一种肠道上皮刷状缘结构和分化的遗传性缺陷。临床上主要表现为小肠性水泻;患儿肠道缺乏吸收营养物质的能力;有肠腺分泌增多的现象。小肠和结肠的细胞浆内出现异位微绒毛,而不是在顶 Pediatric diarrhea is a group of multi-pathogenic, high incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. Among the causes of child deaths in our country, diarrhea is the second highest. According to statistics, there are 170 million people suffering from diarrhea every year under the age of 5; Despite years of productive work, pediatric diarrhea is still troublesome in a considerable number of cases before clinicians, often referred to as “viral” or “undetected.” With the rapid development of laboratory testing technology at home and abroad, a variety of newly discovered pathogens continue to be discovered; so that the so-called unexplained pediatric diarrhea can be correctly diagnosed. Now in recent years at home and abroad has been recognized but has not yet attracted much attention to several causes of diarrhea and its treatment to make a brief description for the clinical staff reference. Microvilli Inclusion Disease is a genetic defect in the brush border structure and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. The main clinical manifestations of intestinal watery diarrhea; children lack the ability to absorb nutrients in the intestine; intestinal gland secretion increased phenomenon. Ectopic microvilli appear in the cytoplasm of the small intestine and colon, not on the top