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本文根据职业的技能需求和行业的职业结构数据,构建了行业“沟通密集度”指标,刻画不同行业对沟通和交流的依赖程度。在此基础上,结合1998-2007年中国工业企业数据和2000-2006年海关数据,对产业集聚影响企业出口的沟通外溢渠道进行了经验研究。我们发现:首先,产业集聚的沟通外部性会显著影响出口的集约边际和扩展边际,而且越是依赖沟通和社交的行业,其作用效果越强;其次,沟通外部性的出口效应高度产业化、地区化和专业化;再次,沟通外部性对企业出口的作用随地理距离的增加而递减;最后,与加工贸易相比,沟通外部性对一般贸易出口的促进作用更显著。
Based on the skill needs of occupations and the occupational structure data of the industry, this paper constructs an indicator of industry “communication intensity ” and depicts the dependence of different industries on communication and exchange. On this basis, combining with the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2007 and the data of customs from 2000 to 2006, empirical research is made on the channels of industrial agglomeration that affect the export of enterprises. We find that: Firstly, the communication externalities of industrial agglomeration will significantly affect the export marginalization and expansion margins, and the more dependent on communication and social sectors, the stronger the effect; the second is that the export effect of communication externalities is highly industrialized, Regionalization and specialization. Thirdly, the role of communication externality in the export of enterprises diminishes with geographical distance. Finally, compared with the processing trade, communication externality plays a more significant role in promoting general trade exports.