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近年来,随着列车运行速度和电流传输密度的提高,弓网电接触状况正变得越来越复杂,对弓网电接触理论与技术的系统研究提出了迫切要求。为此对弓网电接触中接触电阻、热效应、摩擦磨损性能及受电弓滑板材料4个方面的研究现状进行了综述。主要结论为:1)对弓网接触电阻的参数观测、机理分析和数学模型仍需开展大量工作,包括更为全面准确的电接触试验方法和诊断技术,以及更为科学合理的弓网接触电阻数学模型。2)弓网电接触热效应的研究需继续加强。采用试验和仿真相结合的方法获取弓网载流摩擦时,滑板、接触线以及接触面的温度及其分布值得进一步深入研究,特别是雨、雪等特殊气候条件对弓网热特性的影响。3)应重视开展更高速度等级和电弧动态特性对弓网摩擦磨损性能影响的探讨;同时深入研究弓网磨损预测模型。4)继续研究和开发新型复合受电弓滑板材料;在具体应用时,需根据不同列车运行的特定条件,选取满足该条件下关键性能要求的滑板材料。
In recent years, with the increase of train running speed and current transmission density, the status of bow-grid electrical contact is becoming more and more complex, and the systematic research on the theory and technology of bow-grid electrical contact has been put forward. In this paper, the research status of contact resistance, thermal effect, friction and wear properties and pantograph skateboard material in bow electrical contact are reviewed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) A great deal of work has been done on parameter observation, mechanism analysis and mathematical model of contact resistance of bow mesh, including more comprehensive and accurate electrical contact test methods and diagnostic techniques, and more scientific and reasonable bow mesh contact resistance mathematical model. 2) The study of the thermal effects of electrical contact in bow networks needs to be further strengthened. When using the method of experiment and simulation, the temperature and its distribution of skateboard, contact line and contact surface should be further studied when the friction is carried by the bow mesh, especially the influence of rain, snow and other special climatic conditions on the thermal properties of bow web. 3) Attention should be paid to the research on the effect of higher speed grade and dynamic characteristics of arc on the friction and wear properties of bow mesh; meanwhile, the bow mesh wear prediction model should be further studied. 4) Continue to research and develop new composite pantograph skateboard material; in specific applications, according to the specific conditions of different train operation, select the skateboard material to meet the key performance requirements under the conditions.