本文试图通过批评之镜透视陀思妥耶夫斯基作家经典在俄罗斯的生成之路。陀思妥耶夫斯基无疑是一位伟大的作家,但其经典生成之路十分曲折,而批评界在其中扮演着十分重要,但远非友好的角色。由于创作的超前性、创新性和深刻性,更由于总是为穷人说话,作家生前很少得到批评界的理解和赞美,得到的更多是批判与不解。作家去世之后,评论界的态度悄悄地发生了变化,尽管仍是褒贬不一,但已经开始将陀思妥耶夫斯基与托尔斯泰等大家相提并论。苏联官方评论对作家先抑后扬,最终于20世纪60年代末期正式确立了陀思妥耶夫斯基经典作家的地位。如今,陀思妥耶夫斯基已经成为全世界公认的最好的作家之一。 This article attempts to see through the mirror of criticism the generation of the classics of Dostoevsky writers in Russia. Dostoyevsky is undoubtedly a great writer, but the classic road to its formation is very tortuous, and critics play a very important but far from friendly role. Because of its creativeness, innovation and profoundness, and because of always talking to the poor, writers seldom get the understanding and praise of critics in their lifetime, getting more criticism and understanding. After the writer’s death, the attitude of the critics quietly changed. Although they were still mixed, they began to compare Dostoevsky with Tolstoy and others. The official comments of the Soviet Union first suppressed the writers and later promoted the status of the classic Dostoyevsky writers finally in the late 1960s. Today, Dostoyevsky has become one of the best known writers in the world.