科学课程面向全体学生,这意味着要为每一个学生提供公平的学习科学的机会和有效的指导。同时,它充分考虑到学生的性别、天资、兴趣、生活环境、文化背景、民族、地区等方面存在的差异,在课程、教材、教学、评价等方面鼓励多样性和灵活性。学生是科学学习的主体,科学学习要以探究为核心,科学课程的内容要满足社会和学生双方面的需要,科学课程应具有开放性,科学课程的评价应能促进科学素养的形成与发展等一系列的基本理念,对于 Science courses are for all students, which means providing every student with an equal opportunity to learn science and effective guidance. At the same time, it fully takes into account differences among students in terms of gender, geniuses, interests, living environment, cultural background, ethnicity and region, and encourages diversity and flexibility in curriculum, teaching materials, teaching and evaluation. Students are the main body of science learning. Scientific learning should be based on inquiry. The content of science curriculum should meet the needs of both society and students. The science curriculum should be open. The evaluation of science curriculum should promote the formation and development of science literacy. A series of basic concepts for