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目的:乳腺癌在女性癌症中发病率第一且逐年上升。2016年9月，国家重点研发计划精准医学研究中国乳腺癌专病队列项目启动，旨在整合队列资源、提高随访质量、构建标准共享的乳腺癌专病队列，为实现乳腺癌发现、预防、早诊、治疗及预后研判等提供研究基础与标准化数据共享平台。方法:本研究基于社区人群，采用询问调查、身体测量、生物样本采集、乳腺超声和钼靶X线检查建立前瞻性队列，采用区域健康监测和定向监测随访队列。结果:整合乳腺癌专病社区人群队列112 118人，其中完成55 419人标准化队列调查，54 304人采集生物样本。平均年龄51.7岁，超重/肥胖女性占62.7%，绝经女性占48.9%。结论:本研究将为中国女性乳腺癌精准防治提供队列基础和研究平台。“,”Objective:Breast cancer has been the first cancer among women with the incidence increasing gradually. In September 2016, the Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women (BCCS-CW) was initiated, aiming to establish a standardized and sharable breast cancer-specific cohort by integrating the existing cohort resource and improving the quality of follow-up. The BCCS-CW may provide a research basis and platform for the precision prevention and treatment of breast cancer in etiology identification, prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction.Methods:We conducted a population-based perspective cohort by questionnaire interview, anthropometry, biological specimens, breast ultrasound and mammography. The cohort was followed by using regional health surveillance and ad hoc survey.Results:Finally, BCCS-CW included 112 118 women, in which 55 419 women completed the standardized investigation and blood specimens were collected from 54 304 women. The mean age of participants was 51.7 years old, 62.7% were overweight or obese, and 48.9% were menopausal.Conclusion:The BCCS-CW will provide population-based cohort resource and research platform for the precise prevention and treatment of breast cancer in Chinese women.