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国家农贷在中国已有千年历史,但国家农贷的制度路径并不适用于以市场合约为基础的现代合作农贷。本文以国家农贷的道义性为切入点,剖析国家农贷道义性的根源,即国家农贷背后的社会结构和历史文化:儒家“仁”的执政思想、民本而非民主传统、小农经济的外部性以及小农的生存伦理。并用“本土性视角”来分析现代合作农贷在当今中国社会嵌入的困境:土地的产权归属、小农的分散性、小农的人际关系结构以及农贷制度的路径依赖。
National agricultural loans have been in China for thousands of years, but the institutional path of national agricultural loans does not apply to modern cooperative agricultural loans based on market contracts. This article takes the morality of national agricultural loans as the starting point and analyzes the origin of the national agricultural loans morality, that is, the social structure and history and culture behind the national agricultural loans: the ruling thoughts of Confucianism, “Renren”, people-based rather than democratic traditions, The Externality of Smallholder Economy and Survival Ethics of Small Peasants. And use “local perspective ” to analyze the dilemma of modern cooperative agricultural loans in today’s Chinese society: the ownership of land, the dispersal of small farmers, the interpersonal structure of small farmers and the path dependence of rural credit system.