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目的了解南通市手足口病的病原学特征及流行特点,为科学防控手足口病提供依据。方法对采集的咽拭子样品使用磁珠法提取核酸,再用实时荧光定量PCR对核酸进行检测、分型。结果 1 145份咽拭子标本中,肠道病毒核酸总阳性率为48.73%(558/1 145);2015年未分型肠道病毒阳性标本检出率为32.59%,高于2014年(21.89%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.55,P<0.01);2014年Cox A16型肠道病毒阳性率(16.37%)高于2015年(8.23%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.09,P<0.01);2014年EV71型肠道病毒阳性率(9.43%)高于2015年(8.92%),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P>0.05)。2014年、2015年未分型肠道病毒构成比分别为45.89%、65.52%,所占比例明显提高。结论引起南通市手足口病流行的主要肠道病原体为未分型肠道病毒;2014年与2015年相比,Cox A16型肠道病毒的阳性检出率有所下降;EV71型肠道病毒的阳性检出率有所提高。根据动态监测结果调整监测及防控策略对手足口病的防控具有重要意义。
Objective To understand the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Nantong City and provide the basis for scientific prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The nucleic acid was extracted by magnetic beads method from the collected throat swab samples, and the nucleic acids were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The total positive rate of enterovirus nucleic acid in 1 145 throat swab specimens was 48.73% (558/1 145). The positive rate of non-typing enterovirus positive specimens in 2015 was 32.59%, higher than that of 2014 (21.89 %), The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.55, P <0.01). The positive rate of Cox A16 enterovirus in 2014 was 16.37% higher than that in 2015 (χ2 = 11.09 , P <0.01). The positive rate of EV71 in 2014 (9.43%) was higher than that in 2015 (8.92%), with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.01, P> 0.05). In 2014, the proportions of non-parting enterovirus in 2015 were 45.89% and 65.52% respectively, with a significant increase. Conclusions The main enterovirus causing the HFMD in Nantong City is undivided enterovirus. The positive rate of Cox-A16 was lower than that in 2015 in 2014; the positive rate of EV71 Positive detection rate has increased. It is of great significance to adjust the monitoring and prevention and control strategies to the prevention and control of HFMD according to the results of dynamic monitoring.