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本文基于“默会知识与技术创新”针对“劳动力商品”概念提出了批评。马克思及布雷弗曼事实上将劳动力商品化程度的增加视为一个线性的过程。但是在“默会知识”及其在资本主义技术创新活动中的作用这一视角下,劳动力商品化并非如此:一方面劳动力随着控制劳动手段(技术、管理等)不断发展而被客体化,使劳动力商品化程度不断提高。另一方面资本主义必须不断地将其生产方式扩展到新领域(即产品创新),以及创新活动对于作为内在与劳动者本身的“默会知识”的持续依赖,这对于“劳动力商品化”而言,是一种抵消作用。因此,将“劳动力”仅仅视为生产过程的客体的“劳动力商品”概念具有片面性。
This article criticizes the concept of “labor commodity” based on “Tacit Knowledge and Technological Innovation”. In fact, Marx and Brevman regarded the increase in the commodification of labor as a linear process. However, in the perspective of “tacit knowledge ” and its role in capitalist technological innovation activities, this is not the case with labor commodification: on the one hand, the labor force is obstructed by the continuous development of control over means of labor (technology, management, etc.) The degree of commercialization of the workforce will continue to increase. On the other hand, capitalism must continue to extend its mode of production to new fields (ie, product innovation) and the continued reliance of innovative activities on ’tacit knowledge’ as an inner and on the part of the workers themselves, In terms of “change,” it is a countervailing effect. Therefore, the concept of “labor force ” as the object of the production process is one-sided.