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高考冲刺阶段，考生十分关心如何提高应试能力。剩下的一两个月，考生的英语笔头表达能力基本定型，词汇和句型方面的积累也到达顶峰，关键是临门一脚能不能倾尽所有展示出自己最好的一面。然而，由于整场考试时间紧迫，题量比较大，不得不在非常短的时间内写就一篇大约120个词的文章。如果考生稍有不镇定，思路一卡壳，很容易会写不完，或者寥寥数语内容单薄。如何在很短的时间里，展开读写任务的主体部分？
“本体”和“变式”是打开思路的一种基本的而且容易掌握的思维方法。
“本体”，是你要讨论的事物/事情，是根本的，不变的；“变式”，或者“变体”，它依附于“本体”而存在，在某一个维度上可以产生几个变式，在另外一个维度上可以产生另外几个变式。下面举三个例子说明它的具体操作。
[例一] （2009佛山一模）讨论“中学生日常生活中如何注意安全，自我保护”。
现在我们用“本体”和“变式”的方法迅速打开思路：
上表不论采用地点维度还是时间维度，都能很快很爽地拿出一篇作文来。其中的每一个小点，还可以再发挥一下，如交通安全，可以写30来个词。不但篇幅有保障，还给改卷老师一个好印象。“嘿，这学生不错，有条理啊：地点转移有条不紊，采用地点状语作为每一个小点的开头，考生心里稳稳当当的，写起来还可以少犯些语法错误，并且能够把一定的注意力放到书写上。”
范例1 (地点转移) In the dormitory, we should be careful with the use of electricity. Never light a candle to study late into the night, which may cause fire. On the stairs, we shouldn’t push each other. In the lab, we ought to follow the instructions closely and avoid hurting ourselves, because chemicals can be dangerous sometimes. On the way to school or back home, we need to follow traffic rules. Ride on a bicycle lane, ride slowly, stop at a red traffic light and pay attention to cars going by. In a word, these are little things that we can do and it is always better to be safe than sorry.
范例2 （时间转移） When we go to school or go back home, we need to pay attention to road safety. Every day we travel between school and home, and we are exposed to dangers like cars going by, or bicycles rushing against you in the opposite direction you are going. During lunch time, we should keep food safety in mind and it is best to eat in the school canteen, where the food is clean and safe. Don’t have meals that are made elsewhere. Moreover, when we have PE lessons, we must do as the teacher tells us to. Otherwise, an accident can happen at any time. In a word, there are times when we need to be more careful and protect ourselves. It is always better to be safe than sorry.
[例二] （2010广东）讨论“你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法”。
该论述部分较能体现学生思维的力度。不妨用本体、变式的思维方法。（见上表）
Money can provide motivation for now, but if it is used again and again, the amount may have to increase, and the effect in the future is still yet to be seen. Further more, the child may develop the idea that money equals all the attention and care that he deserves. For parents, the way of giving money can eventually bring them into an awkward situation where they find that without money their child does not listen to them at all.
[例三]以你或他人的经历说明诚信的重要性。（2011广州一模）
请看以下范文如何用“一正一反”的方法打开思路的：
(从正面说明)Honesty is the best policy. For example, there is a green grocer in my neighborhood, from whom we often buy vegetables. He is a nice person and never cheats anybody. His business is growing and he has also made friends with many customers. （从反面说明）On the contrary, think about the bad businessmen who produced poisonous milk powder. They are now in prison!
例一例二，都是“本体”下面细分出来的“变体”。例三则告诉大家“本体”的对立面也可以成为一种变式。
总之，本体就是你要关注的核心概念，变式就是按不同的维度细分出来的情况。人物、时间、地点，都可以成为你打开思路的维度。本体的对立面，也是一种变体。有了这种思维方法，你就可以对很多大作文的主体部分应对自如了。
(作者单位：佛山市第一中学)
责任编校蒋小青
注：本文中所涉及到的图表、注解、公式等内容请以PDF格式阅读原文
“本体”和“变式”是打开思路的一种基本的而且容易掌握的思维方法。
“本体”，是你要讨论的事物/事情，是根本的，不变的；“变式”，或者“变体”，它依附于“本体”而存在，在某一个维度上可以产生几个变式，在另外一个维度上可以产生另外几个变式。下面举三个例子说明它的具体操作。
[例一] （2009佛山一模）讨论“中学生日常生活中如何注意安全，自我保护”。
现在我们用“本体”和“变式”的方法迅速打开思路：
上表不论采用地点维度还是时间维度，都能很快很爽地拿出一篇作文来。其中的每一个小点，还可以再发挥一下，如交通安全，可以写30来个词。不但篇幅有保障，还给改卷老师一个好印象。“嘿，这学生不错，有条理啊：地点转移有条不紊，采用地点状语作为每一个小点的开头，考生心里稳稳当当的，写起来还可以少犯些语法错误，并且能够把一定的注意力放到书写上。”
范例1 (地点转移) In the dormitory, we should be careful with the use of electricity. Never light a candle to study late into the night, which may cause fire. On the stairs, we shouldn’t push each other. In the lab, we ought to follow the instructions closely and avoid hurting ourselves, because chemicals can be dangerous sometimes. On the way to school or back home, we need to follow traffic rules. Ride on a bicycle lane, ride slowly, stop at a red traffic light and pay attention to cars going by. In a word, these are little things that we can do and it is always better to be safe than sorry.
范例2 （时间转移） When we go to school or go back home, we need to pay attention to road safety. Every day we travel between school and home, and we are exposed to dangers like cars going by, or bicycles rushing against you in the opposite direction you are going. During lunch time, we should keep food safety in mind and it is best to eat in the school canteen, where the food is clean and safe. Don’t have meals that are made elsewhere. Moreover, when we have PE lessons, we must do as the teacher tells us to. Otherwise, an accident can happen at any time. In a word, there are times when we need to be more careful and protect ourselves. It is always better to be safe than sorry.
[例二] （2010广东）讨论“你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法”。
该论述部分较能体现学生思维的力度。不妨用本体、变式的思维方法。（见上表）
Money can provide motivation for now, but if it is used again and again, the amount may have to increase, and the effect in the future is still yet to be seen. Further more, the child may develop the idea that money equals all the attention and care that he deserves. For parents, the way of giving money can eventually bring them into an awkward situation where they find that without money their child does not listen to them at all.
[例三]以你或他人的经历说明诚信的重要性。（2011广州一模）
请看以下范文如何用“一正一反”的方法打开思路的：
(从正面说明)Honesty is the best policy. For example, there is a green grocer in my neighborhood, from whom we often buy vegetables. He is a nice person and never cheats anybody. His business is growing and he has also made friends with many customers. （从反面说明）On the contrary, think about the bad businessmen who produced poisonous milk powder. They are now in prison!
例一例二，都是“本体”下面细分出来的“变体”。例三则告诉大家“本体”的对立面也可以成为一种变式。
总之，本体就是你要关注的核心概念，变式就是按不同的维度细分出来的情况。人物、时间、地点，都可以成为你打开思路的维度。本体的对立面，也是一种变体。有了这种思维方法，你就可以对很多大作文的主体部分应对自如了。
(作者单位：佛山市第一中学)
责任编校蒋小青
注：本文中所涉及到的图表、注解、公式等内容请以PDF格式阅读原文