二十世纪以前,影响人类健康的问题主要来自于一些传染性的疾病,如,天花、肺结核、疟疾等。到了二十世纪,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,另一种疾病正在渐渐地成为威胁人类健康的最主要因素。这就是“退化病”(degenerative disease)。它是由于缺乏适当的运动,导致机体功能衰退而引起的疾病。在过去的50年中,由于缺乏运动而引起的心血管疾病已成为美国最重要的死亡因素,在发达国家肥胖人口的比率越来越高,资料表明在美国当前有30％—40％的妇女和20％—25％的男性正在尽力减肥,每年有关减肥以及相关产业的消费超过十亿美元。在我国的许多大城市也出现了越来越多的肥胖人群。因此,世界各国对国民的体质问题越来越重视,体质的研究不仅能使国家了解和掌 Before the twentieth century, the problems affecting human health mainly came from infectious diseases such as smallpox, tuberculosis and malaria. In the twentieth century, with the rapid development of science and technology, another disease is gradually becoming the most important factor threatening human health. This is degenerative disease. It is due to lack of proper exercise, leading to the disease caused by the decline of the body’s function. Over the past 50 years, cardiovascular disease due to lack of exercise has become the most important cause of death in the United States, with a growing prevalence of obese people in developed countries, with data showing that currently 30-40% of women in the United States And 20% -25% of men are trying to lose weight, spending more than a billion dollars annually on weight loss and related industries. There are also more and more obese people in many big cities in our country. Therefore, all countries in the world pay more and more attention to the national constitution, and the study of physique not only enables the state to understand and control