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目的 :调查和分析与老年人跌倒有关的危险因素。方法 :调查 6 0岁及以上的老人 415例 ,运用访谈、观察和查阅病历的方法收集资料 ,对各种因素进行单因素和多因素分析 ,并分析被筛选出的危险因素的相关特征。结果 :ADL 和行走能力测定为“不能独自活动”和居住安排为“独居”是跌倒的危险因素。不能独自活动者多在家中跌倒 ,且跌倒多与身体因素有关 ,近一半的跌倒与环境因素有关。独居者的相关特征是高龄、寡 (鳏 )居、以及居家环境中危险因素较多。婚姻状况中的“寡 (鳏 )居”和智力测验中的“智力损害”为跌倒的危险因素 ,但未能进入 logistic回归模型。结论 :“不能独自活动”和“独居”为跌倒的危险因素 ;“寡 (鳏 )居”和“智力损害”可能为跌倒的间接危险因素 ;环境危险因素是跌倒的重要因素。建议进一步研究某些因素 ,如高龄、寡 (鳏 )居、智力损害、某些慢性病、虚弱等 ,是否与老年人跌倒有更密切的关系。
Purpose: To investigate and analyze risk factors associated with falls in the elderly. Methods: 415 elderly patients aged 60 years and over were surveyed. Data were collected using interviews, observations, and medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on various factors, and the characteristics of the selected risk factors were analyzed. Results: The ADL and walking ability were measured as “not able to move alone” and the placement of “living alone” was a risk factor for falling. Individuals who cannot move alone fall more at home, and falls are mostly related to physical factors. Nearly half of the falls are related to environmental factors. The relevant characteristics of single-homed children are senior citizens, widowers, and risk factors in the home environment. Marital status in marital status and intellectual impairment in intelligence tests were risk factors for falls, but failed to enter the logistic regression model. Conclusions: “Can’t move alone” and “solar living” are risk factors for falls; “oligence” and “intellectual impairment” may be indirect risk factors for falls; environmental risk factors are important factors for falls. It is suggested that further research on certain factors, such as ageing, widowhood, intellectual impairment, certain chronic diseases, weakness, etc., is more closely related to the fall of the elderly.