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当政府的支出大于收入时,国家财政危机便接踵而来。奥康诺(O’Connor)在他关于这一问题的富有创新意义的著作《国家的财政危机》中争论说,并不存在一条铁的规律,证明支出的增加必定快于收入的增加。然而他又主张,在后期资本主义社会,情况确实一律如此。他把社会主义视作是解决这种财政危机的唯一持久办法。我认为,社会主义并不一定为国家的财政问题提供一种解决办法,尤其是在第三世界。它只是改变了这种危机的基础。尽管有一系列因素共同导致了社会主义的财政危机,我在这里的注意焦点却是:社会主义福利政策的成功是怎么样在缩小劳动力规模,以创造收入,从而为不断增加的老年人支出提供资金的同时,造成了一个“愈益灰色的”人口的。
When government spending outweighs income, the national fiscal crisis ensues. O’Connor argued in his innovative book The State’s Financial Crisis on this issue that there is no law of iron that shows that spending must increase faster than income. However, he also maintains that the situation is exactly the same in the post-capitalist society. He regarded socialism as the only lasting solution to this financial crisis. In my opinion, socialism does not necessarily provide a solution to the country’s fiscal problems, especially in the third world. It just changed the basis of this crisis. Although there are a number of factors that have collectively led to the financial crisis in socialism, my point here is: How successful is the success of socialist welfare policies in scaling down the labor force to generate income that will finance ever-increasing elderly spending? At the same time, it created a “gray-eyed” population.