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林权改革尝试始于20世纪80年代,于2003年加快了改革的步伐,具有了某种激进的色彩。本文认为,这种改革受到效率优先、市场至上、产权私有、强制变迁等信条的影响,有可能使公平和效率出现张力。作者认为在中央政府的改革思想进一步成熟的背景下,林权改革的指导理论需要实现经济共和主义的转向,并提出了四项替代性原则,即处境公平原则、产权有限原则、民主治理原则和法律平衡原则。经济共和主义并不一般地反对私有林权,也不一般地主张公有林权,而是依据具体条件和上述四项原则来形成不同的权利安排。
The reform of forest tenure began in the 1980s, accelerating the pace of reform in 2003 and possessed some radical color. This paper argues that this reform is likely to bring about tension in fairness and efficiency because of such preconditions as efficiency first, market primacy, property rights private ownership and coercion. The author believes that under the background of the further mature of the central government’s reform idea, the guiding theory of the reform of the forest rights needs to realize the economic republican turn and proposes four alternative principles: the principle of fairness, limited property rights, the principle of democratic governance and Law balance principle. Economic republicanism does not generally oppose private forest rights, nor does it generally advocate public forest rights. Rather, it forms different rights arrangements based on specific conditions and the above four principles.