顾随先生说:“读文学作品不能只是字句内有东西,须字句外有东西。”①伟大诗人的作品其实存在两个文本:语言书写的文本,诗人行为历史构成的文本。两个文本互为解说,互为佐证。在阅读语言文本时,我们常借助作者的生平资料去解读作品字句外的意义,是为“知人论世”。 Mr. Gu said: “Reading literary works can not just be something in the words or sentences, but have something outside the words.” ① There are actually two versions of the works of the great poets: text written in words and texts composed of the history of poets. The two texts explain each other and corroborate each other. When reading language texts, we often rely on the author’s biography to interpret the meaning of the works outside the sentence, which is for “knowing the world.”