亨利·梅因爵士将“从身份到契约”的转变视作一种进步社会的运动。一般地说,这一论断在当下中国也是适用的,并且往往能引起读者巨大的共鸣。然而,在就业关系中,却不应简单地认为合同(契约)安排能够当然消除身份上的差异。一、计划时代职业上的身份差别计划时代,按照户籍类别的不同,人们的职业也有严格的区别。农民被归为集体组织(人民公社、生产队)的成员,拥有城镇户口的劳动力则以成为机關、事业单位、国有或集体所有的企业的“职工”(实则 Sir Henry Maine views the shift from identity to contract as a movement that advances society. Generally speaking, this argument is also applicable in China at present, and often can arouse great resonance of readers. However, in the employment relationship, one should not simply consider that the contractual (contractual) arrangements can of course eliminate the difference in status. First, the era of planning career identity difference Program era, in accordance with the different types of household registration, people's jobs are also strictly different. Peasants are classified as members of collective organizations (people's communes, production teams), while those who own urban hukou work as “workers” of state-owned or collectively-owned enterprises (in practice