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本文叙述了使用一种环形库特流(couette flow)冲刷装置及三种粘土在温度大致不变的八种电解质溶液中所进行的粘性土壤的冲刷试验。利用速率变化过程概念(rate process concept)所建立的冲刷模型,分析试验结果表明:在不同的 PH值和不同的摩尔盐度的电解质溶液中,粘土的冲刷可以用固结之前泥浆中粘土聚集体的取向来加以解释并给以预测。冲刷粘土的表面特征取决于粘土的性质。在扫描的显微镜图片中,较硬粘土的冲刷表面明显地显示凹陷不平,而面——面堆积的粘土表面却呈现薄片状,软粘土的冲刷表面显示成型特征及起伏的表面形态。然而,大多数粘土既非面——面堆积,也非软粘土,它们的冲刷表面特征显示一种中间形式。除了非常软的粘土以外,冲刷粘土的表面明显地被冲得凹陷不平,这与从床面冲起的粘土团块的图象是相一致的。
This paper describes the erosion test of viscous soils using a couette flow scourer and three clays in eight electrolyte solutions of approximately constant temperature. Using the erosion process model established by the rate process concept, the analytical test results show that in different pH values and different molar salinity electrolyte solutions, clay erosion can use clay aggregates in the mud before consolidation. The orientation is explained and given a prediction. The surface characteristics of washed clays depend on the nature of the clay. In the scanned microscopic picture, the washed surface of the harder clay clearly shows that the depression is uneven, while the surface-surface-stacked clay surface is in a sheet shape, and the soft clay’s washed surface shows the forming characteristics and undulating surface morphology. However, most clays are neither face-to-face stacked nor soft clay, and their scour surface features show an intermediate form. With the exception of the very soft clay, the surface of the washed clay is clearly washed unevenly, which is consistent with the image of clay clumps rushing from the bed surface.