教学是由教师教和学生学的双边活动构成的。一方面,没有教师对学生有目的、有计划的引导,就不可能产生学生的认识活动。学生的认识活动是教师主导作用的体现。学生是教师教育实践活动的对象,即教学活动中的客体。另一方面,学生的学习活动是学生的大脑对教师传授的信息的能动反映。学生接受知识不是单纯的消极活动。在这个意义上,学生又是作 Teaching is composed of bilateral activities taught by teachers and students. On the one hand, it is impossible for students to generate awareness activities without the teachers’ purposeful and planned guidance. Students’ awareness activities are the embodiment of teachers’ leading role. Students are the objects of teacher education practice activities, ie the objects in teaching activities. On the other hand, students’ learning activities are the active reflection of the students’ brains on the information they teach. Students’ acceptance of knowledge is not a purely negative activity. In this sense, students are