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创立于隋唐时代的科举制度既有特定的社会政治经济原因,也有深刻的民族文化根源。从古代思想文化演进过程来看,科举制度是先秦尚贤思想、大一统观念、“至公”理念与“学而优则仕”的教育价值观在特定社会历史条件下相互作用的产物,反映了传统文化的基本价值取向。“大一统”的政治观念和公平选才的文化精神构成了科举考试的本质特征,选贤任能是实现“大一统”政治理想的先决条件和必要手段,公平理念是科举制度赖以产生的社会文化土壤,科举考试是“学而优则仕”理念的制度化。深入探析科举考试的文化渊源,有助于全面认识和客观评价科举制度的历史作用和现实影响。
The imperial examination system founded in the Sui and Tang dynasties not only has specific social, political and economic reasons, but also has deep roots in ethnic culture. From the perspective of the evolution of ancient ideology and culture, the imperial examination system is a combination of the pre-Qin thoughts, the concept of grand unification, the concept of “to the public” and the educational values of “learning from the best”, which interact with each other under certain social and historical conditions The product reflects the basic value orientation of traditional culture. The political concept of “unification of the country” and the cultural spirit of fair election constitute the essential characteristics of the imperial examinations. Election and appointment are the preconditions and necessary measures for realizing the “unification” and the political ideals. The fair concept is the imperial examination system Depending on the social and cultural soil it produces, the imperial examinations are the institutionalization of the concept of “learning from excellence”. In-depth analysis of the cultural origins of the imperial examinations helps to fully understand and objectively evaluate the historic role and realistic impact of the imperial examination system.