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目的探讨新疆结核性脑膜炎所致精神障碍的临床特点。方法选取2010-07—2014-06收治的90例结核性脑膜炎所致精神障碍患者为研究对象,总结患者的前驱症状、神经系统检查结果、精神障碍表现,并进行回顾性分析。结果所有患者入院前1~14d均存在多种精神障碍前驱症状,最常见是头痛、头晕和失眠,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);90例患者中,脑CT异常90例(100.00%),脑电图异常80例(88.89%),明显高于心电图异常和电解质紊乱(P<0.05),结核性脑膜炎所致精神障碍患者大多有脑CT和脑电图异常,精神障碍最常见的是谵妄和精神恍惚,明显高于其余两种表现(P<0.05)。结论及时发现结核性脑膜炎导致的精神障碍的前驱症状并给予相应的神经系统检查和神经活动评估,在结核性脑膜炎的诊断过程中有重要意义。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of mental disorders caused by tuberculous meningitis in Xinjiang. Methods Ninety patients with mental disorders caused by tuberculous meningitis who were admitted from 2010-07-2014-06 were selected as study objects. The prodromal symptoms, neurological examination results and mental disorders were summarized and analyzed retrospectively. Results All patients had various symptoms of mental disorders from 1 to 14 days before admission. The most common symptoms were headache, dizziness and insomnia, all of which were statistically significant (P <0.05). Among the 90 patients, 90 were abnormal brain CT (100.00 %), EEG abnormalities in 80 cases (88.89%) were significantly higher than ECG abnormalities and electrolyte imbalance (P <0.05). Most patients with mental disorders due to tuberculous meningitis had abnormal brain CT and EEG. Common delirium and trance, was significantly higher than the other two manifestations (P <0.05). Conclusion It is of great significance in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis to detect the prodromal symptoms of mental disorders caused by tuberculous meningitis in time and to evaluate the neurological examination and neurological activity accordingly.