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目的了解乙型肝炎表面抗体阳性这一指标是否与保护性免疫力有必然的关系。方法对８５５名经乙肝疫苗按标准程序预防接种后的小儿及２２例未接种疫苗而抗－ＨＢｓ阳性的门诊病人，分别用酶联免疫吸附法定性测定乙型肝炎表面抗体（抗－ＨＢｓ），放射免疫法半定量测定抗－ＨＢｓＰ／Ｎ值及用多聚酶链反应检测血清中乙型肝炎病毒（ＰＣＲ－ＨＢＶＤＮＡ）。结果部分预防接种后的小儿抗－ＨＢｓＰ／Ｎ值在１０以下时，其定性测得的抗－ＨＢｓ仍为阳性。２２例抗－ＨＢｓ阳性门诊病人中仍测得一部分ＰＣＲ－ＨＢＶＤＮＡ为阳性者，抗－ＨＢｓＰ／Ｎ值＜１０的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性率远高于Ｐ／Ｎ值＞１０者。结论检测出乙型肝炎表面抗体阳性者并不说明一定能使机体免受乙型肝炎病毒的感染，判断是否有保护性免疫力应联系抗体滴度的高低。
Objective To understand whether the positive of hepatitis B surface antibody is related to the protective immunity. Methods Totally 855 outpatients with anti-HBs-positive outpatients who were immunized with hepatitis B vaccine according to the standard procedure and 22 non-vaccinated out-patients were enrolled in this study. Serum anti-HBs were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the anti-HBsP / N value semiquantitatively and detect the serum HBV-PCR by polymerase chain reaction (PCR-HBVDNA). Results In part of the vaccinated children after anti-HBsP / N value below 10, the qualitative detection of anti-HBs is still positive. Of the 22 anti-HBs positive outpatients, some positive PCR-HBVDNA was still detected, and the positive rate of HBVDNA with anti-HBsP / N value <10 was much higher than that of P / N> 10. Conclusion Detection of HBsAg-positive patients does not indicate that the body will be protected from Hepatitis B virus infection, to determine whether the protective immunity should be linked to the level of antibody titer.