动词不定式要点点拨

来源 :阅读与作文(英语高中版) | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:zmaozhao
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
   不定式是高中英语三种非谓语动词形式之一。它主要有两种形式:带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。不定式具有动词的一些特征,有时态和语态的变化,见下表:
   1. 作主语,如:
   To see is to believe.眼见为实。
   不定式作主语,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语(不定式结构)放在句子的后面。如:
   It’s necessary to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候,有必要把它锁上。
   2. 作表语,如:
   The important thing is to save lives.救人要紧。
   3. 作宾语,如:
   They demanded to be shown the authentic documents.
   他们要求拿出可信的证据。
   4. 作定语,不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作,如:
   The new term is coming and I have a lot of work to do. 新学期到了,我有许多事要做。
   此外,不定式还可用来修饰被序数词、最高级形容词或no,all,any等限定的中心词。如:
   She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一位在奥林匹克竞赛中获得金牌的女士。
   He was the best man to do the job.
   他是最适合做这项工作的人。
   (1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后须有相应的介词。如:
   There is nothing to worry about. 没什么好担心的。
   Please give me a knife to cut with.
   请给我一把切东西的刀。
   但如不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后的介词通常省略。如:
   We are looking for a place to eat.
   我们正在找一个吃饭的地方。
   I have no time to wait. 我没有时间等。
   (2) have sth. to do 与have sth. to be done 的区别,如:
   I have a lot of things to buy. (to buy动作的执行者是主语I)
   Do you have anything to be bought?(to be bought动作的执行者不是主语you而是问话者)
   5. 作状语,不定式可作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语、条件状语等。
   (1) 作目的状语。常用结构为to do,only to do(仅仅为了),in order to do,so as to do,so(such)…as to…(如此……以便……, 通常不用于句首)。如:
   He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
   他飞快地跑着以便赶上第一班车。
   I come here only to say goodbye to you.
   我来仅仅是向你告别的。
   (2) 作结果状语(常可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面)。如:
   I awoke to find my trunk gone.
   我醒来发现箱子不见了。
   He searched the room only to find nothing.
   他搜查了房间,没发现什么。
   (3) 作原因状语,如:
   I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
   She wept to see the sight.
   她一看到这情形就哭了。
   (4) 作条件状语,如:
   He must be a fool to say so. (= He must be a fool if he says so.)
   只有傻瓜才这么说(如果他这么说,他一定是个傻瓜)。
   You will do well to speak more carefully. (= You will do well if you speak more carefully.)你要是说话能更注意点就好了。
   6. 作补语
   下列动词后常跟不定式作宾语补足语:
   advise; allow; cause; challenge; command; compel; drive(驅使); enable; encourage; forbid; force; impel; induce; instruct; invite; like/love; order; permit; make; let; have; want; get; warn; persuade; request; send; tell; train; urge等。
   如:
   I want you to be happy.我要你幸福。
其他文献
为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略(ellipsis)。   省略是一种十分普遍的现象,多见于非正式的文体,尤其在对话中。英语中的省略一般是为了避免重复,结构紧凑,同时还能突出信息,强调重点。   一、简单句中的省略   1.省略主语   例如:Take care!当心!(=You take car
David: Hey Claire, do you feel like your job prospects are trending in the right direction?   Claire: I guess so. Why do you ask?   David: Because I get the distinct feeling that our superiors are n
Hate Hug 假意拥抱   Meaning: A hate hug is a hug given as an unavoidable social grace, even though one or both people engaged in the hug hate each other and would not willingly hug if they were alone. A
美籍华裔作家徐桓是《偷瓷贼:寻找中国土地下深埋的宝藏》(The Porcelain Thief: Searching the Middle Kingdom for Buried China)的作者。該书细细叙述了徐桓的返乡旅程。他穿越古代和当代的中国,探寻外高祖父长期埋藏的瓷器下落,从而发现了理解过去百年来家族史的关键。  1938年,日军抵达长江新港。徐的外高祖父全家世世代代居住在那里。他们只得
Pompeii:The Buried City  庞贝:被掩埋的城市  In the blink[眨眼] of an eye, the once busy city of Pompeii, Italy, was turned into ash-covered ruins, forever frozen in time. It was a normal day in the year 79 A.D.
1. 表示時间,注意以下用法:   (1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如:   I get up at six in the morning.   我早上六点钟起床。   He got married at the age of 25.   他 25 岁结婚。   (2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in。如:   We watch
Now, Words and Their Stories with expressions using the word “sun.”   The first expression is about everything, everything under the sun. If you own a store that sold many different items, your adver
Since I can remember, it’s been just my mom and me at home, except on weekends and holidays when I visit my dad. Sometimes my mom and I are best friends. At other times, we argue over simple things li
This morning I picked golden plums straight from the trees in my back garden. A guilty pleasure; I didn’t plant the trees, they require little care, and they are free. But they are loved.  Home, now,
有人说,我们每个人的心里都住着一个魔鬼。然而如果我们能够控制好自己的心,魔鬼是不会出来作恶的,毕竟我们的心里还住着一位天使。接下来我们就来聊聊魔鬼的短语吧。  Many expressions in American English come from the world of religion. Some common idioms are based on high, religious id