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目的:分析抗凝血酶Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）水平与评估非瓣膜性房颤人群血栓栓塞风险的CHA2DS2-VASc评分间的关系，探讨AT-Ⅲ在非瓣膜性房颤人群血栓风险评估中的价值。方法:收集2018年10月至2019年6月在中国医学科学院阜外医院住院诊断为非瓣膜性房颤人群（观察组）和同期住院非房颤人群（对照组）的抗凝血酶Ⅲ （AT-Ⅲ）、蛋白S、蛋白C及血脂［包括脂蛋白（a）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）］水平。根据CHA2DS2-VASc评分将非瓣膜性房颤人群分为2分以下的低中危组与2分及以上的高危组。用ROC分析AT-Ⅲ的诊断性能，采用Logistic回归分析高CHA2DS2-VASc评分的风险因素。结果:观察组206例，其中女性54例（26%），年龄（59.9±11.1）岁，对照组76例，女性19例（25%），年龄（59.3±9.8）岁，两组性别（n χ2=0.043，n P=0.836）、年龄（n t=0.352，n P=0.725）相匹配。观察组AT-Ⅲ活性［（98.68±11.37）%］明显低于对照组［（110.87±13.91）%］，差异有统计学意义（n t=-6.841，n P<0.001）。非瓣膜性房颤人群中CHA2DS2-VASc评分高危组102例（49.5%），低中危组104例（50.5%），高危组AT-Ⅲ活性［（93.67±9.92）%］低于低中危组［（103.60±10.56）%］，差异有统计学意义（n t=6.953，n P<0.001）。高危组蛋白C［（94.34±26.61）%比（102.63±22.74）%］、TC［（4.09±1.02）mmol/L比（4.69±0.97）mmol/L］和LDL-C［（2.18±0.83）mmol/L比（2.74±0.88）mmol/L］水平均低于低中危组，差异有统计学意义（n P均<0.05）。非瓣膜性房颤人群血栓风险筛查的AT-Ⅲ预警界值为96.5%，ROC曲线下面积为0.746（95%n CI：0.681~0.812，n P<0.001）。Logistic回归分析表明年龄（n OR=44.339，95%n CI：15.207~129.276）越大，AT-Ⅲ（n OR=7.282，95%n CI：3.098~17.117）、TC（n OR=4.349，95%n CI：1.739~10.875）水平越低，非瓣膜性房颤人群CHA2DS2-VASc评分越高，n P均<0.05。n 结论:高龄、低AT-Ⅲ活性水平、低TC水平与CHA2DS2-VASc评分正相关，对评估非瓣膜性房颤者血栓发生具有较高的参考价值。“,”Objective:To investigate the relationship between antithrombin Ⅲ (AT-Ⅲ) levels and CHA2DS2-VASc scores to assess the thromboembolism risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), and to explore the value of AT-Ⅲ in the risk assessment of thrombosis in these patients.Methods:We enrolled patients diagnosed with NVAF (observation group) and non-atrial fibrillation (control group), hospitalized in Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2018 to June 2019, and assessed the two groups for AT-Ⅲ, protein C, protein S, and lipid levels including lipoprotein (a), three acyl glycerin (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score, patients with NVAF and a score of less than 2 were assigned to the low-and middle-risk groups; the high-risk group consisted of patients with a score of 2 or more. The diagnostic performance of AT-Ⅲ was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the risk factors for high CHA2DS2-VASc scores were analyzed using logistic regression.Results:Overall, 206 cases were enrolled in the observation group, including 54 women (26%; aged 59.85±11.06 years). The control group consisted of 76 cases, with 19 women (25%; aged 59.34±9.84 years). The two groups were gender (n χ2=0.043, n P=0.836) and age (n t=0.352, n P=0.725) matched. In the observation group, AT-Ⅲ activity (98.68%±11.37%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (110.87%±13.91%), demonstrating a statistically significant difference (n t=-6.841, n P<0.001). In total, 102 cases (49.5%) were assigned to the high-risk group, with 104 cases (50.5%) in the low-and medium-risk groups. In the high-risk group, the AT-Ⅲ activity (93.67%±9.92%) was significantly lower than that in the low-and middle-risk groups (103.60%±10.56%), with a statistically significant difference observed (n t=6.953, n P<0.001). In the high-risk group, protein C ［(94.34±26.61)%n vs. (102.63±22.74)%］, TC ［(4.09±1.02) mmol/Ln vs. (4.69±0.97) mmol/L］, and LDL-C ［(2.18±0.83) mmol/L n vs. (2.74±0.88) mmol/L］ levels were lower than those observed in the low-risk group (P<0.05). For NVAF screening, the AT-Ⅲ early warning threshold was 96.5%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.746 (95%n CI: 0.681-0.812, n P<0.001). Based on logistic regression analysis, low AT-Ⅲ activity levels were an independent risk factor for high CHA2DS2-VASc scores in NVAF (n OR=7.282，95%n CI: 3.098-17.117，n P<0.001). Additionally, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that with increasing age (n OR=44.339, 95%n CI: 15.207-129.276), lower levels of AT-Ⅲ (n OR=7.282, 95%n CI: 3.098-17.117) and TC (n OR=4.349, 95%n CI: 1.739-10.875), and higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores were observed for non-valvular AF (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:A positive correlation exists between the CHA2DS2-VASc score and old age, low AT-Ⅲ activity, and low TC levels, indicating a high reference value for evaluating thrombosis in NVAF.