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本文介绍了变形速度连续改变式试验法(或称临界变形速度法)的基本原理,根据这个原理设计的试验机的构造、工作原理、试验过程以及影响试验精度的几个主要因素。文中还介绍了利用该试验机所做的研究工作: 1、通过T型抗裂试验[2][3]的临界含硫量[S]_L找到了与之相对应的临界变形速度V_(BLT)[S]=0.132—0.14mm/S。通过T型抗裂试验的临界含磷量[P]_L又找到了V_(BLT)[p]=0.13—O.132mm/S。它与V_(BLT)[s]有相当好的吻合。根据V_(BLT)[s]和V_(BLT)[p]我们确定对应T型试验临界状态的临界变形速度V_BLT=O.13—0.14mm/S。它作为桥梁把两种试验方法联系了起来。我们根据试验机上得到的V_(BL)值就可以知道被试材料能否通过T型试验。 2、铜是提高结晶裂纹倾向的元素。但其影响不太大。在试验的最高含量Cu=1.74％时,V_(BL)=0.147mm/S,仍大于V_(BLT)。T型试验无裂纹。符合V_(BL)>V_(BLT)时T型试验无裂纹的原则。 3、磷对焊缝金属结晶裂纹的影响与碳的含量分不开[6][7]。当C=0.14％时磷的影响不大。当C=0.4-0.45％时,其影响显著增大。 4、在耐候钢的C、Cu、P的含量情况下,Cu、P对焊缝金属的结晶裂纹都不构威胁。 5、通过试验表明HRL—1型试验可以作为生产和研究工作中评定与选择焊接材料以及研究结晶裂纹的手段。
In this paper, the basic principle of continuous changing deformation rate test method (or critical deformation speed method) is introduced. According to this principle, the structure, working principle, testing process and several main factors affecting the testing accuracy are introduced. The paper also introduces the research work done by using this testing machine: 1, Through the critical sulfur content [S] _L of the T-type crack resistance test [2] [3], the corresponding critical deformation velocity V BLT ) [S] = 0.132-0.14mm / S. V_ (BLT) [p] = 0.13-O.132mm / S was also found by the critical phosphorus content [T] of the T-crack test. It has a good fit with V BLT [s]. According to V BLT and V BLT, we determine the critical deformation velocity V_BLT = O.13-0.14mm / S corresponding to the T-test critical state. It serves as a bridge linking the two test methods. According to the V_ (BL) value obtained on the testing machine, we can know whether the tested materials can pass the T type test. 2, copper is an element that increases the tendency of crystal cracks. But its impact is not too big. When the maximum content of Cu was 1.74%, V BL was 0.147mm / S, which was still higher than V BLT. T-test crack-free. Meet V_ (BL)> V_ (BLT) T-test crack-free principle. 3, phosphorus on the weld metal crystallization cracks and carbon content inseparable [6] [7]. Phosphorus had little effect when C = 0.14%. When C = 0.4-0.45%, the effect is significantly increased. 4, in the weathering steel C, Cu, P content, Cu, P on the weld metal crystal cracks are not a threat. The experiment shows that the HRL-1 test can be used as a tool to evaluate and select the welding materials and to study the crystal cracks in the production and research work.