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西方悲剧历经两千多年依然长盛不衰,原因有二:艺术形式的不断更新;悲剧主题的与时俱进。本文从认识论的角度切入,以索福克里斯的《俄狄浦斯王》、歌德的《浮士德》和阿瑟·密勒的《推销员之死》等三部剧作为例证,探讨人类的认识水平与西方悲剧主题之间的关系,并得出如下结论:随着人类对外界和自身认识的不断提高,西方悲剧的主题大致经历了三个阶段:古代英雄的屈从;近代英雄的宣称自我;现代普通人的挣扎。此外,本文还展望了未来西方悲剧主题的演变趋势。
There are two reasons why the western tragedy has lasted for more than two thousand years: the continuous updating of the art form and the tragedy theme keeping pace with the times. Based on the epistemological point of view, this paper uses the three plays of Sophocles “Oedipus the King”, Goethe’s “Faust” and Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman” And draws the following conclusion: With the continuous improvement of human understanding of the outside world and itself, the theme of the western tragedy generally goes through three stages: the submission of ancient heroes and the declaration of modern heroes Self; modern ordinary people’s struggle. In addition, this article also looks forward to the evolving trend of the theme of the future western tragedy.