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一､ 词汇过关
1. consider
【用法】 动词,意为“考虑”,其后常接名词､代词､动名词或疑问词+不定式以及从句｡例如:
You’d better consider my suggestion.你最好考虑我的建议｡
I’m considering going abroad some day.我一直考虑有一天出国｡
Have you considered how to get there?你考虑过怎样去那儿吗?
Have you considered what he suggested?你们考虑过他的建议了吗?
consider还可作“认为”解,常用于以下句型:
1) consider sb. / sth. + (to be) +形容词/名词,其中to be可以省略｡
例如:
We consider him honest.我们认为他很诚实｡
I consider the report (to be) false. 我认为这个报道是不真实的｡
2) consider sb. / sh. + (as) + sb. / sth.,其中as可以省略｡例如:
I don’t consider him a foolish man.我认为他不是个愚蠢的人｡
At first they considered me (as) a doctor.开初他们认为我是医生｡
3) consider + sb. / sth. + 行为动词的不定式｡例如:
We all consider him to have stolen the bike.我们都认为他偷了自行车｡
4) consider + it + 形容词/名词+不定式短语或that引出的从句｡其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语或从句;其中的形容词或名词是宾语补足语｡例如:
We consider it hard to study English well. 我们认为学好英语很难｡
I consider it my duty to help you with your studies. 我认为帮助你学习是我的责任｡
I consider it impossible that you’ll finish the task in so short a time.我认为你在那么短的时间内完成这一任务是不可能的｡
5) consider+宾语从句｡例如:
We consider that the music is well worth listening to. 我们认为这首乐曲很值得一听｡
They considered that the danger was not over. 他们认为危险还未过去｡
2. means
【用法】 名词,意为“手段;方法”,单复数同形,要根据具体语境确定其单复数｡例如:
There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.毫无疑问,收音机和电视是进行信息交流的重要工具｡
The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的交通方式是乘飞机｡
All the possible means have been tried.所有可能采取用的手段都试过了｡
【搭配】 by means of表示“通过……的方式”的意思;by this / that / these / those means意为“通过这种/那种/这些/那些方式”;by no means意为“决不”｡
3. separate
【用法】 用作形容词时,意为“分开的;单独的;不同的”｡例如:
Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days. 简与贝蒂几天后就要各自休假了｡
There are many separate rooms in this hotel. 这个宾馆有很多单间｡
The children all sleep in separate beds.孩子们是分床睡的｡
用作动词时,意为“make, become or keep separate “使分离;分开;隔开”,常见搭配为separate sth. / sb. / from sth.｡例如:
England is separated from France by the Channel. 英法两国由英吉利海峡隔开｡
We should never separate from the masses. 我们绝不应该脱离群众｡
【辨析】 separate指把混合在一起的“分开”,尤其指自然的“隔开”;divide指把一个整体按某种标准尺寸､原则等“分(成若干部分)”｡
4. experience
【用法】 用作动词时,意为“体验;经历”｡例如:
I experienced great difficulty in getting a visa to leave the country.我申请出国签证经历了很大的困难｡
Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years.在过去三十年里,我们国家经历了巨大的变化｡
用作名词,意为“经验”时,用作不可数名词;表示“经历;阅历”讲时,用作可数名词｡例如:
How many years’ experience do you have of teaching English? 你教英语有多少年的经验?
Our journey by camel was quite an experience. 我们骑骆驼旅行真是一次难忘的经历｡
二､ 短语突破
1. see sb. off 给某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station. 明天我要去火车站给朋友送行｡
2. on the other hand 另一方面(用以引出相互矛盾的观点､意见等,常说on the one hand ... on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面)
I know this job of mine isn’t well paid, but on the other hand I don’t have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高,但从另一方面来说,我也不必工作太长时间｡
3. at least至少;起码
The food wasn’t good, but at least it was cheap. 这些食品不怎么好,但起码是很便宜的｡
It costs at least ￡5. 它至少值五英镑｡
4. get away (from) 逃离
The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了｡
I caught a really big fish but it got away. 我钓到了一条好大的鱼,可是它逃掉了｡
5. watch out (for)注意;留心
Watch out! There is a car coming. 小心!汽车来了｡
Watch out for the hole in the road. 留神路上的那个坑｡
三､ 句式解析
1. The name “whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.“白水”的名字来自于这样一个事实:这些小溪和河流里的水在流速很快的时候呈白色｡
句子中的that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly是一个同位语从句,用于说明名词fact的具体内容｡英语中一些名词,如fact, news, rumour, information, idea, advice, suggestion, opinion, plan, demand, reason等后面常可以跟同位语从句来说明或解释前面某名词所包含的内容｡例如:
We have heard the news that our team has won. 我们听到了我们队获胜的消息｡
2. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.除非你会游泳,否则你不该去漂流,并且你要时刻身穿救生衣｡
unless用作从属连词,相当于if not,意为“如果不;除非……;否则”,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意义,相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式｡例如:
I won’t go home unless permitted. 如果没有得到允许,我不回家｡
unless是具有否定意义的连接词,因此当使用unless引导从句时其谓语形式一般是用肯定形式｡使用unless引导条件状语从句时,要注意以下几点:
1) unless相当于 if ... not,两者常可交替使用｡例如:
Unless the rain stops,I shall not go out for a walk.(=If the rain doesn’t stop, I shall not go out for a walk.) 倘若雨不停,我就不出去散步了｡
2) 如果if…not引导非真实条件句时,一般不可改为 unless｡例如:
If he weren’t so silly, he would understand.如果他不傻的话,他会明白(事实上他很傻)｡
3) 如果unless引导的从句本身是否定形式,unless就不能由if…not所替代｡例如:
You’ll do well in the English examination unless you don’t do your homework. 这次英语考试你会考得好的,除非你平时不做作业｡
3. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.
句中what can be done是一个宾语从句, 相当于what people can do, 作短语动词find out的宾语;而动词不定式短语to help animals and plants as well as people是句子的目的状语｡英语中当不需要提及谓语动作的执行者时,通常用被动语态形式来表达｡例如:
Computers have been widely used in different kinds of fields in modern society.在现代社会中,电脑已经被广泛应用于各个领域｡
as well as意为“除……之外还;和;也”,常用来连接两个相同成分,强调前者｡当其连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数应与前面一个主语保持一致｡例如:
My friend, Bill, is good at science as well as arts at school.我的朋友比尔在学校既擅长理科也擅长文科｡
Li Lei as well as his friends is going boating next Sunday. 李雷和他的朋友打算下个星期天去划船｡
1. consider
【用法】 动词,意为“考虑”,其后常接名词､代词､动名词或疑问词+不定式以及从句｡例如:
You’d better consider my suggestion.你最好考虑我的建议｡
I’m considering going abroad some day.我一直考虑有一天出国｡
Have you considered how to get there?你考虑过怎样去那儿吗?
Have you considered what he suggested?你们考虑过他的建议了吗?
consider还可作“认为”解,常用于以下句型:
1) consider sb. / sth. + (to be) +形容词/名词,其中to be可以省略｡
例如:
We consider him honest.我们认为他很诚实｡
I consider the report (to be) false. 我认为这个报道是不真实的｡
2) consider sb. / sh. + (as) + sb. / sth.,其中as可以省略｡例如:
I don’t consider him a foolish man.我认为他不是个愚蠢的人｡
At first they considered me (as) a doctor.开初他们认为我是医生｡
3) consider + sb. / sth. + 行为动词的不定式｡例如:
We all consider him to have stolen the bike.我们都认为他偷了自行车｡
4) consider + it + 形容词/名词+不定式短语或that引出的从句｡其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语或从句;其中的形容词或名词是宾语补足语｡例如:
We consider it hard to study English well. 我们认为学好英语很难｡
I consider it my duty to help you with your studies. 我认为帮助你学习是我的责任｡
I consider it impossible that you’ll finish the task in so short a time.我认为你在那么短的时间内完成这一任务是不可能的｡
5) consider+宾语从句｡例如:
We consider that the music is well worth listening to. 我们认为这首乐曲很值得一听｡
They considered that the danger was not over. 他们认为危险还未过去｡
2. means
【用法】 名词,意为“手段;方法”,单复数同形,要根据具体语境确定其单复数｡例如:
There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.毫无疑问,收音机和电视是进行信息交流的重要工具｡
The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的交通方式是乘飞机｡
All the possible means have been tried.所有可能采取用的手段都试过了｡
【搭配】 by means of表示“通过……的方式”的意思;by this / that / these / those means意为“通过这种/那种/这些/那些方式”;by no means意为“决不”｡
3. separate
【用法】 用作形容词时,意为“分开的;单独的;不同的”｡例如:
Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days. 简与贝蒂几天后就要各自休假了｡
There are many separate rooms in this hotel. 这个宾馆有很多单间｡
The children all sleep in separate beds.孩子们是分床睡的｡
用作动词时,意为“make, become or keep separate “使分离;分开;隔开”,常见搭配为separate sth. / sb. / from sth.｡例如:
England is separated from France by the Channel. 英法两国由英吉利海峡隔开｡
We should never separate from the masses. 我们绝不应该脱离群众｡
【辨析】 separate指把混合在一起的“分开”,尤其指自然的“隔开”;divide指把一个整体按某种标准尺寸､原则等“分(成若干部分)”｡
4. experience
【用法】 用作动词时,意为“体验;经历”｡例如:
I experienced great difficulty in getting a visa to leave the country.我申请出国签证经历了很大的困难｡
Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years.在过去三十年里,我们国家经历了巨大的变化｡
用作名词,意为“经验”时,用作不可数名词;表示“经历;阅历”讲时,用作可数名词｡例如:
How many years’ experience do you have of teaching English? 你教英语有多少年的经验?
Our journey by camel was quite an experience. 我们骑骆驼旅行真是一次难忘的经历｡
二､ 短语突破
1. see sb. off 给某人送行
Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station. 明天我要去火车站给朋友送行｡
2. on the other hand 另一方面(用以引出相互矛盾的观点､意见等,常说on the one hand ... on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面)
I know this job of mine isn’t well paid, but on the other hand I don’t have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高,但从另一方面来说,我也不必工作太长时间｡
3. at least至少;起码
The food wasn’t good, but at least it was cheap. 这些食品不怎么好,但起码是很便宜的｡
It costs at least ￡5. 它至少值五英镑｡
4. get away (from) 逃离
The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了｡
I caught a really big fish but it got away. 我钓到了一条好大的鱼,可是它逃掉了｡
5. watch out (for)注意;留心
Watch out! There is a car coming. 小心!汽车来了｡
Watch out for the hole in the road. 留神路上的那个坑｡
三､ 句式解析
1. The name “whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.“白水”的名字来自于这样一个事实:这些小溪和河流里的水在流速很快的时候呈白色｡
句子中的that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly是一个同位语从句,用于说明名词fact的具体内容｡英语中一些名词,如fact, news, rumour, information, idea, advice, suggestion, opinion, plan, demand, reason等后面常可以跟同位语从句来说明或解释前面某名词所包含的内容｡例如:
We have heard the news that our team has won. 我们听到了我们队获胜的消息｡
2. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.除非你会游泳,否则你不该去漂流,并且你要时刻身穿救生衣｡
unless用作从属连词,相当于if not,意为“如果不;除非……;否则”,引导条件状语从句,含有否定意义,相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式｡例如:
I won’t go home unless permitted. 如果没有得到允许,我不回家｡
unless是具有否定意义的连接词,因此当使用unless引导从句时其谓语形式一般是用肯定形式｡使用unless引导条件状语从句时,要注意以下几点:
1) unless相当于 if ... not,两者常可交替使用｡例如:
Unless the rain stops,I shall not go out for a walk.(=If the rain doesn’t stop, I shall not go out for a walk.) 倘若雨不停,我就不出去散步了｡
2) 如果if…not引导非真实条件句时,一般不可改为 unless｡例如:
If he weren’t so silly, he would understand.如果他不傻的话,他会明白(事实上他很傻)｡
3) 如果unless引导的从句本身是否定形式,unless就不能由if…not所替代｡例如:
You’ll do well in the English examination unless you don’t do your homework. 这次英语考试你会考得好的,除非你平时不做作业｡
3. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.
句中what can be done是一个宾语从句, 相当于what people can do, 作短语动词find out的宾语;而动词不定式短语to help animals and plants as well as people是句子的目的状语｡英语中当不需要提及谓语动作的执行者时,通常用被动语态形式来表达｡例如:
Computers have been widely used in different kinds of fields in modern society.在现代社会中,电脑已经被广泛应用于各个领域｡
as well as意为“除……之外还;和;也”,常用来连接两个相同成分,强调前者｡当其连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数应与前面一个主语保持一致｡例如:
My friend, Bill, is good at science as well as arts at school.我的朋友比尔在学校既擅长理科也擅长文科｡
Li Lei as well as his friends is going boating next Sunday. 李雷和他的朋友打算下个星期天去划船｡