聚焦too…to…句型

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  一、 一般情况
  
  too ... to ... 句型在结构上的是肯定的,但在通常情况下表示否定意义,是一简单句型,意思为“太……而不能”。例如:
  He is too young to travel abroad alone.他太小而不能独自去国外旅行。
  在该句型中,如果句子的主语不是后面动词不定式的逻辑主语,我们通常在动词不定式前用介词for引出其逻辑主语,有时后面的动词不定式也可以省略。例如:
  The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难我解不出来。
  These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿这双鞋太小,我穿不了。
  在这个句型结构中,下面的形式也极为常见,例如:
  It’s too long a journey to make in one day. = The journey is too long to make in one day.路程太远,一天之内到不了。
  
  二、 特殊变化
  
  2003年北京春季的一道高考题:
  —I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
  —You can never be____________ careful in the street.
  A. much
  B. very
  C. so
  D. too
  该题正确答案是D。此题是对too ... to ... 句型结构的考察。但由于题干中有never这一否定副词的存在,题干的意义变成肯定了,意为“无论怎样……也不过分”或“越……越(好)”;“要特别……”等。另外题干中的动词不定式也被省略了。该句的意思为“你怎么小心都不为过 / 越小心越好/要特别小心。”
  too ... to ... 句型在表示肯定意义时有下列几种情况:
  1. 与not, never等否定词连用时,即构成not (never) too ... to ... 或too ... not to ... 结构时,该句子是肯定意义。例如:
  It’s never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。(要学永远都不迟。)
  It’s not too late to mend.亡羊补牢,永不为迟。(改过不嫌晚)
  He was too angry not to say it.他一气之下难免会说出这样的话来。
  2. 当too后有pleased, willing, happy, glad, sad, anxious等表示人的情感状态的形容词时表示肯定意义。此时的too意为“非常、很、十分”之意。例如:
  I’m too glad to meet you here.在这碰到你真是太高兴了。
  He is too sad to hear the bad news.听到这个不幸的消息他太悲伤了。
  3. 当all, but或only等副词在too前修饰时表示肯定意义。例如:
  He was only too excited to jump up.他激动得跳了起来。
  I shall be only too pleased to get home.到了家我会非常高兴。
  
  三、 句型转换
  
  too ... to ... 句型结构可以与enough ... to ... 结构及so ... that ... 句型相互转变。
  将too ... to ... 结构转换成enough ... to ... 时要注意: 1)enough前的形容词或副词应是too后的形容词或副词的反义词;2)enough ... to ... 结构中要用否定式。例如:
  She is too young to do the work. = She isn’t old enough to do the work.
  将too ... to ... 结构转换成so ... that ... 结构时,要注意so ... that ... 结构是复合句,that后的从句要用否定形式。例如:
  The box is too heavy for me to carry. = The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
  
  四、 辨析比较
  
  先看两个句子:
  Beginners are too apt to make mistakes like this.
   Don’t be too ready to believe the worst about people.
  上面两个句子中虽然都含有too ... to ... 结构,但它们均不是too ... to ... 句型。它们的骨干句型是apt / ready to do sth., too是用来修饰它们的。这两句英语的汉语意思是:
  初学者很容易犯这样的错误。
  不要总把人往坏处想。
  
  五、 即时练习
  
  翻译下列句子:
  1. 在这样恶劣的天气下开车,你要特别小心。
  2. 你学习越努力越好。
  3. 她激动得唱了起来。
  4. 那道题我们解起来太难了。
  Keys: 1. You can not be too careful when driving in such bad weather.
  2. You can not study too hard.
  3. She was only too excited to sing.
  4. The problem is too difficult for us to work out. / The problem is so difficult that we can’t work it out.
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