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一般认为,工人阶级在一个社会中是最活跃、最具革命性的群体,在民主化过程中,工人阶级应当发挥关键乃至领导者的角色。但本文认为,韩国的经验并未证明这一点。相反,在韩国的民主化过程中,工人阶级表现得比较稳定。不论是1987年之前的“不充分民主”阶段,还是之后的“形式民主”的实质化阶段,韩国的工人阶级都始终表现为社会中的稳定力量,而不是积极参与民主运动并容易引起社会动荡的力量。这主要是由于国家通过控制意识形态、工会和立法以及限制工人阶级的体制外同盟对工人运动加以控制,同时也采取了相应的经济、政治以及配套的社会措施对其加以疏导,同时也伴随着工人阶级自身所作的适应和调整。
It is generally believed that the working class is the most active and the most revolutionary group in a society. In the process of democratization, the working class should play a key and even a leader’s role. However, this article argues that South Korea’s experience does not prove this point. On the contrary, during the process of democratization in South Korea, the working class has been relatively stable. Whether in the “undeveloped” stage before 1987 or the substantive stage of “formal democracy” after 1987, the working class in South Korea has always manifested itself as a stabilizing force in society rather than participating actively in democratic movements. Easily lead to social unrest force. This is mainly due to the state’s control over the workers’ movement through the control of ideology, trade unions and legislatures as well as the system of aliens that restrict the working class, as well as the corresponding economic, political and social measures that accompany it, along with The adjustment and adjustment made by the working class itself.