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本文以民族志的方式,通过采访、追叙、仪式分析等方法记述了从国家到地方再到民众在2008年5月19日至21日国殇仪式中的表现,认为从降国旗仪式、非常三分钟的国家行为到全民默哀、点烛寄哀思、网络公祭等民间自觉行动,都体现了灾难哀悼仪式国家的在场和民众的认同,国家和民众的互动与交流在这次灾难面前达到了高度交融的状态。仪式不仅以其特殊的功能发挥了疏导感情、缓解哀痛、告一段落的作用,还成为表达国家意识、凝聚民众力量、号召中国“再出发”的有效途径。
In the way of ethnography, this article describes the performance of the ceremony from state to local and then to the people during the ceremonies of National Ceremony from May 19 to May 21, 2008 through interviews, chasing narration and ritual analysis. It is believed that from the ceremony of lowering the national flag, three minutes Of the nation’s behavior to silence the people, send their candles to grief, public sacrifices on the Internet and other civil voluntary actions all reflect the presence of the victims of the disaster mourning ceremony and the public’s recognition. The interaction and exchange between the state and the public have reached a high degree of integration before the disaster status. The ceremony not only played its role of channeling emotions, alleviating sorrow and ending the tragedies with its special functions, but also served as an effective way to express the awareness of the state, unite the power of the people and call on China to “re-start”.