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同种异体组织和器官移植的供体来源有限，使异种移植再度成为研究热点。猪被认为是理想的供体之一。异种移植的主要障碍为异种抗原被人血清中天然存在的抗体结合、激活补体导致的超急排斥反应。现已认识的主要靶抗原为αＧａｌ，它的表达受α１，３半乳糖基转移酶（αＧＴ）的控制。针对αＧａｌ克服超急排斥反应的方法有：免疫吸附去除针对αＧａｌ的天然抗体，酶处理去除内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）表面的αＧａｌ，基因工程获得不表达αＧＴ从而无αＧａｌ的动物。除αＧａｌ以外，还有一些抗原可与人血清抗体结合：如ＴＮＦ诱导ＰＡＥＣ表达的ｇｐ６５和ｇｐ１００，猪组织表达的人血型抗原Ａ，但这些抗原的作用还不清楚。猪ＭＨＣ（即ＳＬＡ）的作用尚有争论，异种移植细胞免疫中，直接途径和间接途径均存在。
The donor sources for allogeneic tissues and organ transplants are limited, making xenotransplantation a research hot spot again. Pigs are considered one of the ideal donors. The major obstacle to xenotransplantation is the binding of xenogenic antigens to the naturally occurring antibodies in human serum, activating eutectic rejection due to complement. Already known as the main target antigen α Gal, its expression is controlled by α 1, 3 galactosyltransferase (α GT). For α-Gal to overcome the hyperacute rejection method: immunoadsorption to remove the natural antibodies against α Gal, enzyme treatment to remove the surface of endothelial cells (PAEC) α Gal, genetically engineered to do not express α GT without α Gal animal. In addition to α-Gal, there are other antigens that can bind to human serum antibodies such as gp65 and gp100 that TNF induces PAEC expression and human blood group antigen A expressed in porcine tissues, but the role of these antigens is unclear. The role of porcine MHC (ie, SLA) is still debated. In xenograft cellular immunity, direct and indirect pathways exist.