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目的探讨某型坦克火炮静止射击和行进射击时舱室噪声与有害气体对乘员生理负荷的影响。方法测定坦克火炮静止射击和行进射击时舱室噪声、无机有害气体、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)及挥发性有机物(VOCs),同步动态监测乘员心率、血压、血氧饱和度、听力及左右手握力等生理参数的变化情况。结果坦克行进时的连续噪声为107～112 dB(A),主要为低频,能量主要集中在300 Hz左右。射击时的脉冲噪声为167～172 dB(P),B-持续时间多为300-400 ms,作业后3 h乘员有轻度听力域移。坦克火炮静止射击和行进射击时舱室内主要有害气体以一氧化碳、二氧化硫、硫化氢、氨、TSP和总烃为主,其浓度随发射炮弹数目的增加而升高。伴随坦克静止和行进火炮发射,乘员心率、舒张压及血氧饱和度等生理参数发生了一定的变化。结论坦克火炮静止射击和行进射击时舱室噪声与有害气体对乘员的作业能力与身体健康可能产生了一定的影响。
Objective To study the effects of cabin noise and harmful gases on occupant physiological load during static shooting and firing of a certain tank gun. Methods The chamber noise, inorganic noxious gases, total suspended particulates (TSP) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in stationary and traveling firing of tank artillery were measured. The heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, hearing and hand grip Changes in parameters. As a result, the continuous noise of the tank traveling was 107-112 dB (A), mainly at low frequencies, and the energy mainly concentrated at about 300 Hz. Impulsive noise was 167 to 172 dB (P) at firing, and B-duration was mostly 300 to 400 ms, with mild hearing-field shift 3 h after operation. The main harmful gases in tanks during stationary shooting and traveling firing of tank artillery are mainly carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, TSP and total hydrocarbons, and their concentration increases with the number of fired rounds. Physiological parameters such as heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation of occupants changed with the tank being stationary and traveling artillery. Conclusions Tank noise and harmful gases in tank artillery during static shooting and traveling firing may have an impact on occupant’s working ability and physical health.