起身立苗是抛秧稻特有的一个基本过程,在生产实践中,能否及时起身立苗,无疑是决定抛秧稻成败的关键和应用的前提。以南粳44为试验材料,设置带土直立苗、带土倾斜苗、带土平躺苗、无土平躺苗、无土手栽苗等不同模拟苗姿,较系统地研究立苗期间的形态、生理变化。结果表明,①非直立苗起立期间分蘖节弯曲,秧苗基部下侧具有伸长功能的细胞生长快于上侧细胞,分蘖节下部发生大量新根,扎入土中,成为秧苗直立的支点。②带土倾斜苗、带土平躺苗、无土平躺苗的立苗时间分别是4d、8d和12d。③立苗过程中,带土直立苗和带土倾斜苗的发根优势明显、根系活力强,至第4天根量显著大于带土平躺苗、无土平躺苗和无土手栽苗。④无土秧苗活棵期间植株含水率比立苗初期下降快,后逐渐上升,10d后接近带土秧苗。⑤带土直立苗、带土倾斜苗抛后叶绿素含量高于无土手栽苗,无土平躺苗叶绿素含量低于无土手栽苗,带土平躺苗和无土手栽苗没有多大差异,所有处理秧苗除无土平躺苗外10d后叶绿素含量逐渐恢复正常。⑥栽后2d所有处理秧苗的根系、地上部的可溶性总糖在活棵立苗中被消耗,抛后4d无土秧苗地上部可溶性总糖开始增加,带土直立苗与带土倾斜苗活棵立苗快,栽后糖分消耗多。⑦立苗期间,各种苗姿植株地上、地下部的N、P、K积累量都增加,平均增速以带土秧苗大于无土秧苗,直立苗大于平躺苗。⑧各苗姿秧苗的理论产量、实际产量均是带土直立苗>带土倾斜苗>无土手栽苗>带土平躺苗>无土平躺苗。由此说明,带土秧苗比非带土秧苗立苗活棵立苗早,直立苗比非直立苗活棵早。因此,生产上抛秧稻要选择带土秧苗,提高直立苗比例,减少平躺苗比例,提高抛秧稻群体起点质量。 Standing upright seedling is throwing a unique rice-growing process, in production practice, can get up in time Li Miao, is undoubtedly the key to determine the success or failure of throwing rice and application of the premise. Taking Nanjing 44 as test material, the seedlings were set up in different simulation seedling position, such as vertical soil seedling with soil, inclined soil seedling with soil, soil lying flat seedling, soilless planted seedling and soilless seedling planted. Physiological changes. The results showed that: (1) The tillering nodes were bent during upright stand upright, and the cells with elongation function under the base of seedlings grew faster than the upper cells. A large number of new roots were formed in the lower part of the tillering node, and became the upright fulcrum of seedlings. ② with soil tilting seedlings, with soil lying seedlings, soilless seedling seedlings standing time are 4d, 8d and 12d. ③ In the process of establishing seedling, root growth with soil and seedling with soil tilting was obvious, root activity was strong, and the amount of root in the fourth day was significantly larger than that with soil lay-flat, soilless seedling and soilless seedling planted. ④ soilless seedling plants during the period of plant water cut faster than the initial stage of rapid growth, then gradually increased, 10d after the approach with soil seedlings. ⑤ with soil erect seedlings, with soil tiller Miao throwing chlorophyll content higher than the soilless seedlings, soilless nursery seedling chlorophyll content is lower than the soilless seedlings planted with soil planted seedlings and soilless planted seedlings are not much different, all The chlorophyll content of the seedlings gradually returned to normal after 10 days except the soilless flat lay seedlings. ⑥ After transplanting 2d, the total soluble sugars in the root and aboveground of all the seedlings were consumed in the standing seedling. After 4 days of throwing, the total soluble sugar in aboveground part of soilless seedlings began to increase. Li Miao fast, sugar consumption after planting more. ⑦ During seedling establishment, the accumulative amount of N, P and K of above-ground and underground parts of all kinds of Miao-Tzu plants increased. The average growth rate was more than that of soilless seedlings with soil-grown seedlings. ⑧ the seedlings of seedlings of the theoretical yield, the actual yield is with soil erect seedlings> soil with tilting Miao> soilless Shou Miao> with soil lying Miao> soilless lying seedlings. This shows that with soil seedlings seedlings stand seedlings live seedlings than non-seedlings stand early, stand upright seedlings than non-erect live seedlings early. Therefore, the production of throwing rice to choose with soil seedlings, raising the proportion of standing seedlings, reducing the proportion of lying seedlings, raising the starting point of throwing rice seedlings quality.