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目的调查农村老年人健康相关生命质量和社会资本的性别差异,并探讨二者之间的关系。方法2013年4~5月,在山东省三县采用分层整群随机抽样抽取975名60~75岁的农村老年人,利用SF-36量表和“资源生成器”量表,通过问卷调查的方式测量其健康相关生命质量和社会资本的拥有情况,应用广义线性模型分析不同性别老年人生命质量的主要影响因素。结果农村男性老人的生理层面和心理层面的生命质量得分分别为(57.70±28.72)分和(55.93±24.83)分,女性老人的生理层面和心理层面的生命质量得分分别为(43.43±33.00)分和(44.94±28.27)分。总体社会资本与男性和女性老人两个层面的生命质量均呈有统计学意义的正相关关系(P<0.01)。广义线性回归分析显示,总体社会资本每提高1分,男性的生理和心理层面的生命质量得分分别提高1.08和0.79分,而女性的生理和心理层面的生命质量得分分别提高2.03和1.76分。结论农村男性老人的生理层面和心理层面的生命质量均优于女性老人,而女性老人能从社会资本中获得更大的健康收益。
Objective To investigate the gender differences of health-related quality of life and social capital of the elderly in rural areas and to explore the relationship between the two. Methods From April to May 2013, 975 elderly people aged 60-75 years in rural areas in Shandong Province were stratified cluster random sampling using the SF-36 scale and the Resource Builder scale The questionnaires were used to measure the health-related quality of life and the ownership of social capital. The generalized linear models were used to analyze the main influencing factors of the quality of life of different sexes. Results The scores of physical quality and psychological quality of rural male elderly were (57.70 ± 28.72) and (55.93 ± 24.83) points, respectively. The physical and psychological quality of female elderly were 43.43 ± 33.00 And (44.94 ± 28.27) points respectively. The overall social capital has a statistically significant positive correlation with the quality of life at both the male and female seniors (P <0.01). The generalized linear regression analysis showed that for every 1-point increase in overall social capital, the quality of life at the physical and psychological levels increased by 1.08 and 0.79 respectively, while the women’s physical and psychological quality of life scores increased by 2.03 and 1.76 respectively. Conclusion The quality of life of rural male elderly is better than that of female elderly, while female elderly can get more health benefits from social capital.