大公司间的竞争是人们早已见惯的一种现象,而且,随着经济全球化趋势的发展,有理由相信这种竞争将日趋激烈。然而在研究开发领域,除了竞争之外,人们发现近年来大公司之间还出现了日益加强的合作趋势。这一合作最先存在于国内公司之间,最近又扩展到了不同国家的公司之间。美国 IBM 公司、日本东芝公司和德国西门子公司最近达 Competition among large companies is a phenomenon that people have long been accustomed to. And as the trend of economic globalization develops, there is reason to believe that such competition will become increasingly fierce. However, in the field of research and development, in addition to competition, people have found that there has been an ever-increasing trend of cooperation among large companies in recent years. This cooperation first existed between domestic companies and more recently between companies in different countries. The United States IBM, Toshiba Japan and Germany's Siemens recently reached