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应试教育转轨于素质教育,提高学生能力是其中的一个重要方面,在生物教学中,其培养途径主要是通过生物实验来实现的,初中生物实验包括观察能力、实验设计能力、综合应用能力。观察能力的培养是上述诸项能力中的最基础的能力培养,因此,必须培养学生科学的思维方法。初中《生物》中安排的38个学生实验中,其中单纯的观察实验28个,占全部实验的73.7%,而且观察贯穿于全部实验中。因此,教师必须培养学生具有全面地、正确地、深入了解事物本质特征的能力。
The transition from exam-oriented education to quality education is one of the most important aspects in improving students' abilities. In biological teaching, the cultivation methods are mainly realized through biological experiments including observation ability, experimental design ability and comprehensive application ability. The cultivation of observation ability is the most basic ability training among the above abilities. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate students' scientific thinking methods. Of the 38 students arranged in the “Biology” of junior high school, 28 of them were observed experimentally, accounting for 73.7% of the total, and were observed throughout the experiment. Therefore, teachers must cultivate students the ability to comprehensively and correctly understand deeply the essential characteristics of things.