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针对二氧化碳捕集与封存(下称CCS)技术发展以及项目开展,部分发达国家政府先后制定鼓励政策,推动其产业化与商业化应用于实践,与此同时,鉴于CCS项目的技术特点带来的潜在环境安全风险,各国亦着重加强建立和完善CCS的法律监管框架,如欧盟,英国、加拿大,澳大利亚、美国等国家和地区目前业已建立了相对成熟的CCS法律监管框架并积累了相关监管经验。要实现中国CCS在当下和未来的健康发展,很有必要建立清晰完善的CCS法律监管框架和体系,并根据CCS技术和项目在实践中的发展不断予以完善。学习这些国家的监管制度、监管内容、监管程序有利于帮助中国建立先期CCS监管框架,并指导早期大型示范项目健康、有序、安全发展。基于此,本研究梳理了世界主要CCS大国的法律监管框架,总结其共同特征,以期为我国CCS法律监管框架体系建设提供借鉴。
In response to the development of CCS technologies and projects, some developed countries have formulated incentive policies to promote their industrialization and commercialization. At the same time, in view of the technical features of CCS projects, Potential safety risks of the environment. All countries also focus on strengthening the establishment and improvement of the legal regulatory framework of CCS. Countries such as the EU, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, the United States and other countries and regions have now established relatively mature CCS legal regulatory frameworks and accumulated relevant regulatory experience. In order to realize the healthy development of CCS in China nowadays and in the future, it is necessary to establish a clear and perfect legal supervision framework and system for CCS and improve it constantly according to the development of CCS technology and projects in practice. Studying the regulatory regimes, regulatory content and regulatory procedures in these countries will help China to establish a regulatory framework for up-to-date CCS and guide the early, large-scale demonstration projects to develop healthily, orderly and safely. Based on this, this study sorts out the legal regulatory framework of the major CCS in the world and sums up their common features so as to provide reference for the construction of CCS legal regulatory framework in China.