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目的探讨产后计划生育服务对孕妇分娩后短期内避孕手段、再孕率及儿童健康生长的影响。方法选取264例健康孕妇为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组各132例;其中研究组孕妇中途脱落10例,共122例有效病例入组,予以产后计划生育服务措施;对照组孕妇中途脱落8例,共124例有效病例入组,产后未接受计划生育服务措施。随访12个月,记录两组孕妇分娩后3个月时避孕知识得分结果,比较其分娩后1年内性生活主动避孕率、非意愿再次妊娠率、人工流产率及避孕手段差异,分析其分娩后6个月内母乳喂养情况及随访1年内新生儿生长发育状态。结果研究组孕妇分娩后3个月时避孕知识评分(19.3±2.0)分显著高于对照组孕妇(13.2±3.6)分,分娩后6个月内纯母乳喂养率80.3%显著高于对照组56.5%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);分娩后1年内性生活主动避孕率及避孕套避孕率显著高于对照组,非意愿再次妊娠率、人工流产率、体外射精和安全期避孕方式避孕率及纯人工喂养率则显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组婴儿在为期1年随访中,头围、身长、体重等生长发育指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论产后计划生育服务对降低孕妇分娩后短期非意愿再次妊娠率、提高纯母乳喂养率等具有积极影响。
Objective To explore the effect of postpartum family planning services on short-term contraceptive methods, pregnancy rate and children’s health growth after delivery. Methods A total of 264 healthy pregnant women were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into study group and control group with 132 cases in each group. Among them, 10 cases of pregnant women shed in the middle of the study group were enrolled. A total of 122 effective cases were enrolled in the study group, 8 cases of shedding, a total of 124 cases were enrolled in the group, not receiving postpartum family planning services. After 12 months of follow-up, the scores of contraceptive knowledge scores at 3 months after delivery were recorded, and the differences of active contraception, unwanted re-pregnancies, abortion rates and contraceptive methods within 1 year after childbirth were compared. Breastfeeding in 6 months and follow-up of neonatal growth and development within 1 year. Results In the study group, the knowledge of contraceptive knowledge (19.3 ± 2.0) at 3 months after childbirth was significantly higher than that of pregnant women (13.2 ± 3.6) at 6 months after childbirth. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months after delivery was significantly higher than that of control group 56.5 %, Respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The rates of active contraceptives and contraceptives in sexual activity within 1 year after childbirth were significantly higher than those in control group. Unexpected pregnancy rate, abortion rate, in vitro ejaculation and safety contraception The contraceptive rate and pure feeding rate were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). In the 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in growth and development between head circumference, body length and body weight in both infants (P> 0.05). Conclusions Postnatal family planning services have a positive impact on reducing the rate of unwanted second pregnancy again after delivery and improving the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.