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2005年7月21日,中国人民银行宣布开始实施以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度;美元对人民币的交易价格调整为1美元兑8.11元人民币,人民币升值2%。公告发布后在国际国内市场上引起了强烈反响。国际上有人庆幸,认为国际压力是促成这次人民币升值的主要原因;国内有人忧心,认为人民币升值后会对就业、企业造成不利影响。事实果真如这些人所愿吗?人民币真是被迫升值的吗?
On July 21, 2005, the People’s Bank of China announced that it began to implement a managed floating exchange rate system based on market supply and demand, with reference to a basket of currencies; the dollar’s trading price for the yuan was adjusted to US$1.00 to RMB 8.11, and the RMB appreciated. 2%. After the release of the announcement, it has caused strong repercussions in the international and domestic markets. Some people in the world are fortunate that international pressure is the main reason for the appreciation of the renminbi. Some people in the country are worried that the appreciation of the renminbi will adversely affect employment and enterprises. Did the facts justify these people’s wishes? Is the yuan really forced to appreciate?