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依托遥感和地理信息系统理论和技术,基于TM数据、气象资料和化学实测数据,将基于能量循环的土壤水平衡模型和基于物质循环的土壤酸化模型相耦合,构建了土壤酸化空间信息模型,解决了土壤化学性质从点尺度到空间尺度的扩展.并以季节尺度模拟了酸沉降对土壤化学性质的影响,分析了贵州省龙里县2007年不同植被类型覆盖土壤受酸沉降影响的定量变化特征,结果表明,①从空间角度来说,在同一季节内,不同植被覆盖类型土壤水的pH值和土壤盐基饱和度的大小关系为:草地>混交林>灌丛>针叶林;②从时间角度来说,土壤水盐基浓度主要与土壤水含量呈负相关性,即浓度随着土壤水含量的增加而降低.不同季节相同指标的浓度由高到低为:春季>秋季>冬季>夏季;③不同植被覆盖类型土壤受相同酸沉降的影响不同,受酸雨影响由大到小为:针叶林>灌丛>混交林>草地.
Relying on the theory and technology of remote sensing and geographic information system, based on TM data, meteorological data and chemical measured data, a soil acidification spatial information model based on energy cycle is coupled with a soil acidification model based on material cycle. The chemical properties of soils were extended from point scale to spatial scale. The effect of acid deposition on soil chemistry was simulated on a seasonal scale. The quantitative characteristics of acid rain in different vegetation types in Longli County, Guizhou Province in 2007 were analyzed The results showed that: ① From the perspective of space, in the same season, the relationship between soil water pH value and soil base saturation was as follows: grassland> mixed forest> shrub> coniferous forest. In terms of time, the concentration of soil water and salt base was negatively correlated with the soil water content, ie, the concentration decreased with the increase of soil water content.The highest and lowest concentrations of the same indicators in different seasons were: spring> autumn> winter> Summer; ③ different types of vegetation cover different types of soil by the same impact of acid deposition is different from acid to rain as follows: coniferous forest> shrub> mixed forest> grassland.