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目的了解广西近年职业病发病规律和特征,为制定职业病预防控制措施提供依据。方法收集广西1992至2005年职业病诊断证明书和未出具诊断证明书但具有诊断资格的医生已集体诊断为职业病的住院病历资料,并进行统计分析。结果1992至2005年,广西共报告新诊断职业病8大类1475例,2001至2005年报告病例数占总病例数的84.7%;尘肺、职业中毒分别占病例总数的74.6%和17.4%,其中矽肺病例占尘肺病例数的82.8%,急性职业中毒病例占职业中毒病例数的45.8%。全自治区14个市有职业病报告,南宁、贺州、河池、柳州、桂林市病例数位居前5位.分别占病例数的27.0%、11.9%、11.9%、11.0%、10.6%;病例分布在23个行业,有色金属、煤炭行业病例数位居前2位,分别占50.6%和14.5%;工人、农民工病例数分别占62.5%、34.3%:男女病例性别比为11.3:1;50岁及以下年龄人数占56.8%,在1992至1995、1996至2000、2001至2005年3个不同诊断年代,矽肺平均发病年龄分别为60.4、54.4、50.7岁,接触工龄为17.9、16.7、12.5年。结论近年来广西新诊断报告职业病病例数急剧增多,尘肺和职业中毒是主要职业病,职业病发生在每个地区和多个行业,农民工已成为遭受职业病危害的重要人群,呈现发病年龄轻、接触工龄短的趋势,防治职业病刻不容缓。
Objective To understand the rules and characteristics of occupational diseases in recent years in Guangxi and provide the basis for the development of prevention and control measures of occupational diseases. Methods Data of diagnosis of occupational diseases in Guangxi from 1992 to 2005 and in-hospital records of doctors diagnosed as having no diagnosis certificate but diagnosed as diagnosis were collected and analyzed statistically. Results From 1992 to 2005, a total of 1475 cases of newly diagnosed occupational diseases were reported in Guangxi. Among them, 84.7% of the total reported cases were reported from 2001 to 2005; pneumoconiosis and occupational poisoning accounted for 74.6% and 17.4% of the total cases respectively, Cases accounted for 82.8% of cases of pneumoconiosis, acute occupational poisoning accounted for 45.8% of the number of occupational poisoning cases. There were 14 occupational diseases reports in the autonomous region, with the top 5 cases in Nanning, Hezhou, Hechi, Liuzhou and Guilin, accounting for 27.0%, 11.9%, 11.9%, 11.0% and 10.6% of cases, respectively; The number of the 23 industries, non-ferrous metal and coal industries ranked the top 2, accounting for 50.6% and 14.5% respectively; the number of workers and migrant workers accounted for 62.5% and 34.3% respectively; the sex ratio of male and female was 11.3: 1; the age of 50 And 56.8% of the following age group. The mean age of onset of silicosis was 60.4, 54.4 and 50.7 years respectively from 1992 to 1995, from 1996 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2005. The average age of contact with silicosis was 17.9, 16.7 and 12.5 years. Conclusions In recent years, the number of newly diagnosed cases of occupational diseases in Guangxi has dramatically increased. Pneumoconiosis and occupational poisonings are the major occupational diseases. Occupational diseases occur in various regions and industries. Migrant workers have become important populations suffering from occupational diseases. Short trend, prevention and treatment of occupational diseases without delay.