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在新自由主义及其私有化浪潮的影响下,在学界有了这样的认识,即国有企业天然缺乏效率,必然具有劣势,故国有企业退出竞争性领域应作为其改革的逻辑起点。几种较为典型的观点有:国有企业所有者虚置,因而必然无效率;人皆自私,企业只有归经营者所有才能搞好企业;只有让经营者享有剩余索取权、拥有私人资本,才能形成有效激励;只有拥有对企业的绝对控制权、拥有全部或大部分股权,才能实现企业效率最大化。这些观点从理论和实践上看都是站不住脚的。
Under the influence of neoliberalism and its privatization wave, there is a recognition in academia that the natural inefficiency of state-owned enterprises is inevitably disadvantageous. Therefore, the withdrawal of state-owned enterprises from the competitive realm should serve as the logical starting point for their reforms. Some typical views are: Owners of state-owned enterprises must be inefficient; people are selfish, enterprises can only governed them if they run the business; only allow operators to have residual claims and have private capital to form Effective incentives; only have the absolute control of the enterprise, with all or most of the equity, in order to achieve maximum business efficiency. These views are untenable both theoretically and practically.