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目的:以乒乓球等6个不同运动项目的运动员和大学在校生作为模型,进行基础视觉能力、视觉眼动能力和视觉动作技能等3方面的测试,分析运动员和非运动员在各阶层视觉能力上的差异,以探讨运动技能与视觉功能的相关性。方法:以天津体育学院260名乒乓球等6个不同运动项目的运动员和天津职业大学60名非运动员在校生作为研究对象,进行动态平衡等13项能力的测定,通过用SPSS软件分析处理,显示运动员、初级运动员和非运动员的相关视觉能力。结果:运动员有较佳的视觉敏感度和视觉记忆;初级运动员比非运动员有更好的相对深度判断等能力;运动员有较佳的手眼和身眼协调能力,表现在精确和快速判断物体在空间移动、预期物体移动的时间和位置;运动员视觉眼动的控制在两度空间测试并没有更佳的准确性和更快的反应;初级运动员通常比非运动员有较好的运动视觉,但高级运动员并没有比初级运动员好。结论:运动员与非运动员之间在逐渐适应性地使用各种视觉—运动技能方面,其能力是不同的;运动员和非运动员的视觉能力可以预测与视觉有关的运动技能;许多潜在的视觉—运动能力和基础的视觉能力对运动员的运动技能具有高度预测性,而对于非运动员的技能则只有中等程度的预测效果。
OBJECTIVE: To test athletes and college students in six different sports such as ping-pong to test basic visual ability, visual eye movement ability and visual movement skill, and to analyze athletes ’and non-athletes’ visual abilities To explore the correlation between motor skills and visual function. Methods: 260 athletes of different sports such as pingpong in Tianjin Institute of Physical Education and 60 non-athletes in Tianjin Polytechnic University were selected as the research objects to measure 13 capacities such as dynamic balance. Through SPSS software analysis and processing, Related visual abilities of athletes, junior athletes and non-athletes. Results: The athletes have better visual sensitivity and visual memory. The junior athletes have better relative depth judgment than the non-athletes. The athletes have better hand-eye and body-eye coordination ability, which can be accurately and quickly judged in the space Movement, the time and location of expected object movement; control of visual eye movement by athletes did not have better accuracy and faster response in the two-space test; primary athletes generally had better motor vision than non-athletes, but advanced athletes No better than junior athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Athletes and non-athletes have different abilities to adapt gradually to various visual-motor skills; the visual skills of athletes and non-athletes predict vision-related motor skills; and many potential visual-motor exercises Competence and basic visual skills are highly predictive of the athlete’s motor skills, while only moderately predictive of non-athlete skills.