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【目的】分析不同情境(有无时间限制、两种搜索任务)如何影响用户搜索行为和体验。【方法】采用用户实验法,共计40名大学生被试参与实验。他们在有时间限制和没有时间限制的情况下分别完成两种类型的搜索任务:事实型和理解型任务。【结果】实验发现时间限制会减少用户搜索时长、写文档时长,且会降低用户搜集的信息量和新知识的增长程度;但时间限制会加速用户整理信息的速度。同时,研究也发现搜索任务对搜索体验的影响。搜索任务类型对用户搜索和写文档的时间比例及文档字数产生的速度均没有显著影响。但是无时间限制时,被试会花费更多的时间完成理解型任务,但在两类任务中搜集的信息量和新知识增长量却没有显著差异。在有时间限制时,相比事实型任务,被试在理解型任务搜集更多的信息量却认为其获取的新知识量较少。【局限】在实验室环境中模拟搜索时间限制,可能与真实情景下的时间限制存在差异,因此研究结论推广有一定的局限性。【结论】本研究说明时间限制会影响用户搜索策略,以及用户对不同搜索任务付出的认知努力,对更全面地理解时间和搜索任务两个情境因素对搜索行为的影响有重要意义。
【Objective】 To analyze how different situations (with or without time limit and two kinds of search tasks) affect user’s search behavior and experience. 【Method】 A total of 40 undergraduates were enrolled in the experiment using user experiment. They do two types of search tasks with time constraints and no time limit: factual and understanding tasks. 【Result】 The experiment found that the time limit will reduce the user search time and document length, and will reduce the amount of information and the growth of new knowledge collected by users. However, the time limit will speed up the user to organize information. At the same time, research also found the impact of search tasks on the search experience. The search task type had no significant effect on the time spent searching and writing documents and the speed at which documents were generated. However, when there is no time limit, subjects spend more time on comprehension tasks, but there is no significant difference in the amount of information collected and new knowledge growth between the two types of tasks. When there is a time limit, compared with factual tasks, subjects acquire more information in understanding tasks and think they acquire less new knowledge. [Limitations] Simulated search time constraints in a laboratory environment may differ from time constraints in a real scenario, so there is some limitation in the promotion of research conclusions. 【Conclusion】 This study shows that time constraints affect user search strategies and cognitive efforts of users on different search tasks. It is of great significance to understand more about the impact of time and search tasks on search behavior.