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20世纪初,现象学创始人胡塞尔提出了“生活世界”概念,由此开启了是现代西方哲学回归生活世界的重要转向。马克思的文本中也包含着丰富而深刻的生活世界思想。如果说胡塞尔通过形而上学的先验还原回到了“作为现象”的生活世界,那么马克思则通过创立唯物史观的哲学革命回到了“现实的”社会历史世界。马克思对生活世界问题的探索与唯物史观的创立密切相关:形而上学批判开显了回归生活世界的初始地平,而资本批判则深入到了现代生活世界的历史本质之中。挖掘这些思想对于理解和推进当代的生活世界研究具有重要意义。
At the beginning of the 20th century, Husserl, the founder of phenomenology, put forward the concept of “life world ”, thus opening up an important turn of the return of the modern western philosophy to the world of life. Marx’s text also contains a rich and profound thinking of the world of life. If Husserl returned to the life world of “as a phenomenon ” through the transcendental reduction of metaphysics, then Marx returned to “realistic ” social and historical world through the establishment of the philosophical revolution of historical materialism. Marx’s exploration of the problem of the world of life is closely linked with the establishment of the historical materialism. The criticism of metaphysics reveals the initial horizon of returning to the world of life, while the capital criticism goes deep into the historical nature of the modern life world. Excavating these ideas is of great significance for understanding and promoting the study of contemporary life world.