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长期以来,不少机械产品的强度设计,都是按照洋框框,以传统的“冲击韧性”为准绳,人为地降低了材料的使用强度,以致机件粗大笨重、寿命较短。本文运用唯物辩证法对强度与冲击韧性这一对矛盾进行了分析,打破了洋“权威”对“冲击韧性”作出的那些不符合客观实际的论断,从理论和实际的结合上初步阐明了“多次冲击抗力”的规律。实践表明,大多数机件是处于小能量多次冲击,而不是大能量一次冲击的工作条件下,影响材料寿命的主要因素是强度而不是冲击韧性。因此,在一般情况下,用适当的处理工艺,使材料获得较高的强度和较低的冲击韧性相配合,便可以达到最好的多次冲击抗力。按照这种理论设计机械已初步取得一些成效,如运用到模锻锤锤杆和风动工具活塞,寿命提高几倍至十几倍,运用于石油机械的吊卡,重量减轻一半多。这样,就为挖掘金属材料强度的潜力提出了一条新的途径。
For a long time, many mechanical product strength design, are based on the frame, with the traditional “impact toughness” as the yardstick, artificially reduce the intensity of the use of materials, so that the mechanical parts bulky, shorter life expectancy. This article uses the materialist dialectics to analyze the contradiction between strength and impact toughness, breaking the non-objective judgment made by foreign “authority” on “impact toughness”. From the combination of theory and practice, it initially clarifies that “more Secondary impact resistance ”rule. Practice shows that the majority of mechanical parts are in the small energy multiple impact, rather than a large energy impact of the working conditions, the main factor affecting the material life is strength rather than impact toughness. Therefore, under normal circumstances, with the appropriate treatment process, the material to obtain higher strength and lower impact toughness matched, we can achieve the best multiple impact resistance. In accordance with the theory of mechanical design has achieved some initial results, such as the use of forging hammer hammer hammer and pneumatic tools, life expectancy increased several times to ten times, used in petroleum machinery elevator, weight loss more than half. In this way, a new approach is proposed for tapping the potential of metallic materials.