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美洲斑潜蝇是危害蔬菜、观赏植物的重大害虫之一.苦瓜叶乙醇提取物(浓度为2000～4000μg.ml-1)对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的取食和产卵都具有较强的抑制作用.用环己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水依次对乙醇提取物进行萃取,并测试了4种萃取物对美洲斑潜蝇成虫取食和产卵的抑制作用.结果表明:环己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物在浓度为1000μg.ml-1时,处理后2d对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的拒食率分别是11.08%、34.89%、22.99%和0,产卵抑制率分别是0、30.91%、6.45%和0.其中,乙酸乙酯萃取物的活性最强,当其浓度为4000μg.ml-1时,处理后2d对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的拒食率和产卵忌避率分别为70.95%和69.49%.乙酸乙酯萃取物经硅胶柱层析分离得到(19S,23E)-5β,19-环氧-19-甲氧葫芦素-6,23-二烯-3β,25-二醇(化合物1)、(19R,23E)-5β,19-环氧-19-甲氧葫芦素-6,23-二烯-3β,25-二醇(化合物2)和3β,7β,25-三羟基葫芦素-5,23-二烯-19-醛缩-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(化合物3),3种化合物在供试的浓度(100～400μg.ml-1)条件下对美洲斑潜蝇的取食和产卵行为都有明显的抑制作用.在400μg.ml-1浓度时,化合物1、化合物2和化合物3对美洲斑潜蝇成虫的拒食率分别是66.89%、53.53%和78.02%,产卵抑制率分别是76.32%、58.36%和78.36%.
One of the major pests that endangered vegetables and ornamental plants is the American leaf miner.Effects of ethanol extract of Momordica charantia (2000 4000μg · ml-1) on the feeding and oviposition of the adults The ethanol extracts were sequentially extracted with cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, and the inhibitory effects of four extracts on feeding and oviposition of the adults of L. occidentalis were tested.The results showed that cyclohexane The antifeedant rates of adult alkaloids were 11.08%, 34.89%, 22.99% and 0 respectively at 2 days after treatment with alkane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts at the concentration of 1000μg.ml-1 The rates were 0, 30.91%, 6.45% and 0. Among them, the strongest activity of ethyl acetate extract, when its concentration of 4000μg.ml-1, 2d after treatment on the adult Liriomyza sativae antifeedant rate and production Egg repellency rates were 70.95% and 69.49%, respectively.Ethyl acetate extracts were separated by silica gel column chromatography to obtain (19S, 23E) -5β, 19-epoxy-19- (Compound 1), (19R, 23E) -5β, 19-epoxy-19-methoxychoquinin-6,23-diene-3β, 25-diol , 7β, 25-trihydroxy cucurbitacin-5,23-bis Aldehyde-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3), three compounds were tested against the leaf miner at the tested concentrations (100-400 μg.ml-1) Food and spawning behavior were significantly inhibited.At the concentration of 400μg.ml-1, compound 1, compound 2 and compound 3 anti-feeding adults on the potential of Liriomyza sativae were 66.89%, 53.53% and 78.02% The egg inhibition rates were 76.32%, 58.36% and 78.36%, respectively.